PUBHLTH 129 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 12A lot of information came from the lecture notes, TAs, and the book. These are the most important topic and questions to know the answers to for the exam. Best of luck!Chapter 11. Pre industrial Americaa. Medical education was not based entirely on science i. It was mostly a tradeii. Not an occupation you wanted to have/legitimate doctors had no respectiii. Unstable demandb. What medical institutions existed in preindustrial?i. Alms Houses1. Gave food, basic care, etc.ii. Pest Houses1. You went to die2. Once you went, you didn’t come out2. Post industrial Americaa. Emergence of health insuranceb. Creation of public health insurancei. Programs: Medicare and Medicaidii. Development of private health insurance1. During WWI, stock market crash, WW2a. Didn’t cover everything, and we tried to push for national health insurance – it failed3. Few hospitals, health insurance did not exist4. Two main objectives of health deliverya. Good quality care and that it’s cost effectiveb. Everyone gets equality care5. What are the benefits of employers to get insurances for their employeesa. It’s attractive to employees, “fringe benefits” b. When did it start happening without government mandates?i. When men started getting hurt in the jobii. 1930’s, when the stock market crashediii. Employers were able to employees by fringe benefits6. The health care market is “imperfect” for what reasons?a. You do not have the ability to know what you’re buying exactlyb. There is no supply or demand7. What is the intermediary role of insurance in health care delivery?a. It is the mediator between you and the service you get, what you can get and where you can get it from8. Difference between National Health Insurance (NHI) and National Health System (NHS)?a. NHS get the same service everywhere no matter whati. Ex. Britain has NHS, and everyone gets the same coverage no matter whatb. Everyone in each providence decides how you pay for it, but everyone pays taxesi. Ex. Canada has NHI, and each providence decides how they will pay and how much, and still pays taxesc. Partially government run because it deals with taxes9. What is Socialized Health Insurance?a. Taxed by annual income/net worthi. Everything with value that is in your possession such as stocks, houses, etc., are includedChapter 2What is health?1. US Health care has followed a medical/biomedical modela. It presupposes the existence of illness or diseaseb. It emphasizes i. Clinical diagnosis and medical interventions to:1. Treat disease or its symptoms2. Difference between illness and diseases, and how does it affect health care delivery?a. Illness i. Self-feeling, not too seriousb. Diseasei. Diagnosis1. Relates to the delivery system to put more emphasis on a disease2. Should focus more on disease prevention rather illness prevention3. What are the 4 major determinants of health?a. Behaviori. How you’re feeling, how you act in society, if you feel okay insideb. Medical Carei. What care you receive and how well your treatment isc. Environmenti. Where are you living, do you have a place to sleep, have food, are you safed. Life style/Heredityi. Do you exercise, are you eating healthy, what kind of diseases run through your family4. What is Market Justice?a. “The Economic Good”i. Money, capitalismb. Fair distribution of health care to the market forces of the free economyc. The market works best without interference from the governmentd. The production of health care is determined by i. How much the consumer are willing and able to buy at the prevailing price1. Those that are not able to pay, have barriers to health carea. “Rationing by ability to pay”5. What is Social Justice?a. “The Good Society”i. Health insurance should be a rightii. The equitable distribution of health care is society’s responsibility1. Best when a central agency is responsible for production and distribution of health careiii. An example would be Medicare and Medicaid6. How can the nation help minorities and people of vulnerable social classes regarding health care delivery and improving this nation’s health?a. (Think of the first movie we watched in class)b. Education i. Have it available to everyone to get the education they needc. Race/Ethnicitiesi. No discriminationd. Agei. Have the help people need depending on what age they aree. Povertyi. Help on helping the people in poverty to get out and staying outf. People who are richer have a lifestyle that allows them to be able to go out jogging out whenever they feel like because they live in safer communities, and are able to afford the healthiest meals and afford the best care, while people in poverty have to work more than one job and cannot always cook home cooked meals which can affect their health making them cost more moneyChapter 31. Why haven’t health insurance materialized in the US?a. Association of communismb. Physicians were AMA because doctors had a lot of powerc. Ideology and distrust in big governmenti. Distrust began during the Vietnam war and then in the 70’s with NixonChapter 41. What are the major distinctions between primary care and specialty care?a. Primary care is cheaperb. Does not need as much training needed than specialty doctorsc. First contact of cared. Keeps cost downi. Called “gate keeper”1. Primary care doctors are gate keepers of special care to not have people see specialists2. You usually need a referral to see a specialist3. Cost control e. Specialists can earn up to 500K2. Why is the misdistribution geographically of doctors in the US? a. There’s not much hospitals in rural areasb. Not making much money in rural areas vs. in the cityc. Less professional interactiond. Less access to facilities and technologye. Less continuing education and professional growth3. Major Types of health professionalsa. Physicians i. Play central role in evaluating the patientii. States require licensureiii. Some work in hospitals as medical residents, or staff physicians. Other work in the public sector, or in federal government agencies or public health clinicsb. Dentistsi. Work in a dentistry facility, can work as professors teaching the fieldc. Pharmacistsi. Work in a pharmacy, pharmaceutical industryd. Nursesi. There’s various types of nurses1. RN’s (Register Nurses), Licensed Practice Nursesii. Can work in hospitals or nursing homes or missionariese. Non-physician Practitionersi. Nurse practitioners