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UT Arlington BIOL 3303 - Depressants: Sedative Hypnotics and Antianxiety Drugs
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Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. None, this begins the Exam 3 materials. a. The past notes were for Exam 2. b. Note that the final is not comprehensive. Outline of Current Lecture II. DepressantsA. Sedative Hypnotics a. Barbituratesb. Antianxiety DrugsCurrent LectureLast exam we mainly talked about stimulant drugs, now in this chapter we will talk about depressants. There are two main categories for depressant one are sedative hypnotics and the other are tranquilizers. Sedative hypnotics are a category that provide calm and sleep and the tranquilizers are also called today antianxiety, and they are prescribed drugs that make the person fell peaceful and calm without being sedated. In sedative hypnotics, there is one specific one called barbiturates. First we need to talk about the history were the drug comes from. The main person who discovered this was by the name of Adolf von Baeyer and that he discovered by extracting urea from urine and apple extract called malonic acid. From the combination from these two compounds is called barbituric acid. This was the first stage into developing the first ever class known as barbiturates. The compound itself has no behavioral effects, but with additional compounds the depressant effects are seen. The first ever barbiturate was called diethylbarbituric acid, under the name of Veronal. Other major barbiturates are called phenobarbitral, amobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital. These types of drugs are classified the fastest time effects of the drug there are three called, long-lasting, short, and ultra- short drug. There more commonly known on the street as “club drugs,” because they are used as a recreational purpose than a medication. One thing to remember is that barbiturates act similar to alcohol acute toxicity. One drink you feel normal, two drinks you start to feel anxiety relief, a couple more you start feeling sedated, and more drinks to that and you can lead into a coma or death. One of the main effects of the barbiturate at a decent dosage level slow down the central nervous system has been used to treat epilepsy or seizure disorders, but the primary use is for the treatment of insomnia. The negative perspective of barbiturates was the terrible disruption REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. After using barbiturates over some time and then stopped, this has caused the body to recover all the suppressed REM sleep from the time the barbiturates were used. This kind of effect is called a REM-sleep rebound and also a hangover the next day effect. The main point here is that even though barbiturates induce sleep, they for sure do not give a refreshing sleep. A lethal dose of this drug is take too much levels of dosage by itself or taken in combination with alcohol. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 3303 1st EditionA type of non-barbiturate sedative hypnotics are two types, a chloral hydrate drug and methaqualone. Chloral Hydrate, commonly known as Mickey Finn because of the usage against sailors to steel money or expensive items. This drug helps to not produce a REM sleep rebound or the hangover. This drug can be considered as a “date rape” drug. Methaqualone, or Quaalude, was first introduce in the U.S. was considered to be the perfect sleeping pill, but that did not happen when they started to use it as a recreational use because of the aphrodisiac properties. After that, the drug immediately change as Schedule I drug, because of the high rate use of it. The main purpose of methaqualone was for the treatment of insomnia and is not found in any pharmaceutical company in the U.S. The next category of depressants are called antianxiety drugs. We first need to understand what anxiety is. One thing for sure is that anxiety is not a single disorder, there are different types of anxiety disorder. One of them are called free- floating anxiety, is the most common and represent about 20% of the people who have anxiety in the U.S. The second type of anxiety is phobic disorder, these are specific focus of fear, like being terribly afraid of spider, heights, or being closed in with other people. The third type is people who have obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), where they become way too concerned about a certain type of event or how something needs to be in place for a certain period of time. For example, checking if they locked the door multiple times and still feeling like they did not lock the door, so they come back to the car again. Now that we briefly explained anxiety, we need to talk about the drugs used to treat these types of anxieties. They are what they used to be called, tranquilizers, they first to be produce was mepobamate. This was the first prescribed drug to be marketed as an antianxiety medication. The main advantage the decrease of feeling anxious, but the negative side effects was that people on these drugs could not drive because of the increase in diminished motor reflexes. The misuse of this drug was not as high so they were put as Schedule IV controlled substance, but was later replaced by a new kind of class called benzodiazepines. We will talk about this drugs and other for the next class lecture. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a


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