RELS 108 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture II. Sacred CommunityIII. Religious Communities and Social ResistanceIV. Spiritual Community as RefugeV. Heresy/Schism/DivisionOutline of Current Lecture II. Spiritual Communities Continueda. 3 Philosophical Positions of Religious Communitiesb. Social Character of Worship/Prayeri. Communal Worship Has 2 Basic ThrustsIII. The Big Problem of Evila. 4 Classical Approaches to EvilCurrent LectureSpiritual Communities Continued- Reform Movements: Signifies a strategy to effect religious change- When reform threatens social order, 3 forms of division:1. Heresy2. Schism3. New Religious Tradition3 Philosophical Positions of Religious Communities1. Exclusivism- The position that truth belongs to one tradition alone.2. Inclusivism- Truth belongs to one tradition, however other traditions express the same truth but less adequately, less clearly.3. Pluralism- the view that all religious express truth adequatelySocial Character of Worship/Prayer- Liturgy- Public Work; communal response to the sacred through activity reflecting praise,repentance, etc.Communal Worship Has 2 Basic Thrusts1. Horizontal- refers to the bonding of the community2. Vertical- refers to the object of worshipThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The Big Problem of Evil- Theodicy- the problem of evil within a religious context.o Theodicy= Divine Justice- Religious people identify evil in terms of a contradiction between the facts of experienceand the reality of God. - Two Main Theodicieso Augustinian Theodicy Evil does not exist, except for a privation or corruption of goodness. "The world is perfect in its essence but fallen in its existence."o Iranean Theodicy Existence of evil is necessary for human development. "The world exists as a vale of soul making."4 Classic Approaches to Evil1. Evil and Karmao Indian Contexto Karma- what you do/put out will come back to youo Buddhist Perspective: evil is due to the 3 poisons1. Greed2. Hatred3. Delusion2. Consolation of Promiseo Found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islamo At some time in the future, evil will be overcome/eradicated and justice will be established. o The symbol for that is the Messiah. o Judaism: Messiah has not come yet.o Christianity: Messiah has come (Jesus), but not done yet. Second coming called the Parousia, which will establish justice.o Islam: Mahdi "rightly guided one" is the prophesied redeemer of the world who will rule for 7-9 years (something like that) before the time of judgment and will rid the world of evil and establish justice. 1. Eschatology: deals with the end times or end of the