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TAMU PSYC 315 - The True Self
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Psych 315 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last LectureI. More on selfOutline of Current Lecture II. Independent and Interdependent SelvesIII. Self- HandicappingIV. Self- verification MotiveV. Implicit and explicit self VI. Identity Fusion Current LectureThe true Self: Consequences of being “in touch” with the true self: meaning in life, decision satisfaction Why does being in touch with the true self have these effects? Because you have a sense of value in your life. The belief of what constitutes the core of your being is your true selfIndependent and Interdependent Selves- Independent Cultureso Focus on self as unique, autonomous, separate from others, acts independently, acting on internal causes of behavior, having traits that are stable across time and context.  Cultures in the west- Interdependent Cultureso Focus in on relationships, social roles and obligations, family obligations, sense of self is embedded within roles, duties, and relationships. Cultures found in the eastSelf-esteem in independent and interdependent cultures- Self-esteem is higher in independent cultures? We tend to think about our positive traits moreThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- When people from interdependent cultures move to independent cultures their self-esteem goes up? Interdependent cultures think about their negative and positive traits and it makes them more stable. - How do we explain this? In the east, they are taught to focus on self improvement. If you are always thinking about improving yourself, you won’t always focus on how great you are, unlike Americans. The concept of self-handicapping - Jose Quintero as an example: when he was in NY, he was directing little plays that weren’t being reviews. Started to direct with O’neil and got more attention and become more successful. The key idea is that he was unsuccessful for most of his life and now suddenly he is famous. If he is unsuccessful at his next play, people will think he isn’t a genius anymore. He had a lot to lose. This is the situation where self- handicapping comes in. He became an alcoholic so that he wouldn’t have to direct another play and he wouldn’t fail at a play. - Essential ingredient: having success that you don’t think you can repeat- A way we protect ourselves from feeling bad.- A valedictorian comes to Texas A&M from a small school. So the valedictorian feels that he can’t complete in a school like this, so he would get a 40hr week job, join lots of clubs to self- handicap himself. Therefore, he can blame his job on his lower grades, not himself. A study of handicapping:  Participants experienced success a problem solution test. In one condition the problems were written to be confusing and to encourage guessing. In the other condition the problems were clear and did not require guessing. Both groups had on average equal success. They were then told they would do a harder round of problems next after taking one of two drugs, a performance enhancing or a performance interfering drug.  Primary Finding: When participants experienced success on confusing problems on which they had to guess, they chose to take a performance inhibiting drug rather than a performance enhancing drug before a going through another trail of problem solving. Everyone else chose the performance enhancing drug Interpretation: Participants have reason to suspect failure in the next trial of problem solving because their success would not seem to be due to their own efforts and abilities. To protect the self-esteem gained from their prior success, participants take an inhibiting drug that will ensure failure that cannot be attributed to their lack of ability. In essence, they quit while they are ahead.  What are some real world conditions that might produce the sense of non-contingent success, orsuccess that you can’t repeat? How could self-esteem relate to self-handicapping? People with lower self- esteem tend to self- handicap.The Self Verification Motive- We like to have our own self of who we are confirmed by others Studies on Responses to Feedback: Low self esteem people want negative feedback because its consistent with themselves.  Studies on Selection of Feedback: people tend to believe negative feedback more than positive feedback Studies on Affiliation with People: Lower- self esteem students disliked their roommate more themore their roommate liked them. Because liking them gave them inconsistent feedback of themselves. Why do we self-verify? If we don’t have our self- verified, we become confused. Implicit vs. Explicit Self esteem Implicit measured by the IAT; by Priming; and by Attitudes toward things that are closely associated with ourselves Implicit self is how you feel in your unconscious self, cant report or measure it Explicit self esteem is how you feel on the outside. It can be measured and reported Conflict between implicit and explicit self-esteem in the case of narcissism Have high explicit self and low implicit self esteem. Narcissism and Implicit and Explicit Self esteemSelf-deception  Overestimate our successes and good traits Overestimate the degree of control we have over our lives and fate Are unrealistically optimistic, believing that we are more likely that others to experience good outcomes and less likely than others to experience bad outcomes Does this promote good mental health? People that are self- deceptive tend to have better long term health. Its good that we are unrealistic about ourselves because it causes less stressSelf-Knowledge The End of History Illusion: Change over time in our Personality traits, Values, and Likes/Dislikes What causes this illusion? We think we are going to be the same based on our likes, personality traits and values in the future. This is not true. We change all the time. 10 years ago we liked different things than we do now. But people still think that in 10 years they will like the same things. Its an illusion.  Introspection studies – The Buzz Saw: Particpants were going to watch a film. One group watched it with a buzz saw in the background and the other group did. The people with the buzzsaw said they wouldn’t like the movie as much.  Affective forecasting – The durability bias: People believe their


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