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SC CHEM 102 - Addition Reactions & Combustion Reactions of Alkenes

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CHEM 102 4th Chapter Lecture 11 Outline of Last LectureI. Unsaturated Hydrocarbonsa. DefinitionII. Alkenesa. Definition – what makes a molecule an Alkene?b. Table of Alkenes c. Bond angles & shapes of Alkenesd. Constitutional Isomerse. Naming Alkenesf. Cis and Trans Isomersg. Addition Reactions of AlkenesOutline of Current Lecture I. Addition Reactions & Combustion Reactions of Alkenesa. Definition; Is it symmetric or asymmetricII. Cycloalkenes as cis/trans isomersa. How to tell which it isIII. Order of Carbon atomsa. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary b. How stable each atom is according to its orderThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Carbocationsa. Definitionb. What happens when they react with symmetric or asymmetric reagents V. Markvnikov Rulea. DefinitionVI. Alkynesa. Definitionb. NamingVII. Aromatic Compoundsa. Definitionb. NamingCurrent LectureReactions of AlkenesCombustion – burning the alkenes; everything is combustibleAddition reaction – Breaking a double bond and adding reagents to the two carbons that previously had the double bond *Addition reactions can be symmetric alkenes or asymmetric alkenes*- Symmetric – the same molecules are attached to the broken double bond; one product id created; if an asymmetric reagent is added to the carbons, the alkene is still symmetricEX. C – C=C – C  C – C –C – C + HBr *This is a symmetric addition reaction because no matter where you put the H and Br, the name will still be the same C – C – C = C  C – C – C – C + HBr*This is asymmetric because the double bond was not centered in the middle and because of the asymmetric reagents- Asymmetric – two different molecules are attached to the broken double bond; more than one product is formed; only occurs with asymmetrical reagentsOrder of Carbon AtomsPrimary – one carbons is directly touching ONE other carbon; labeled with a one and a degree sign; very unstableSecondary – one carbon that is directly touching TWO other carbon; labeled with a 2 and a degree signTertiary – One carbon that is directly touching THREE other carbons; labeled with a 3 and a degree signQuaternary – One carbon that is directly touching FOUR other carbons; labeled with a 4 and a degree sign; very stable*The more unstable an atom is, the more reactive it is*CarbocationsCarbocations are formed when a hydrogen is taken from a carbon and there are only 3 bonds instead of 4 bonds around that carbon and a double bond is broken. Therefore, the carbon will need to react with something else (a halogen and a hydrogen) to become stable.Markvnikov RuleThe major product is when the halogen goes to the highest ordered carbon*To find the major and minor products, look at which carbon the halogen is attached to and the product with the higher ordered carbon with an attached halogen is the major product. The other is the minor product*AlkynesAlkynes have carbon – carbon triple bonds, they are linear molecules, and have 180 degree bond anglesTo name Alkynes, name them how you would an Alkane or Alkene, but instead of the –ane or –ene, add –yne to the end.Aromatic CompoundsAromatic Compounds are compounds that contain a benzene ring called aromatic.- Aromatic compounds smell good, but you will die if you smell them- They must be cyclic- They must have conjugated double bonds (the double bonds must not be right next to eachother, but everyother bond has to be a double bond).- Only compounds with an even number of carbons will be aromaticREMEMBE THE AROMATICS ON PAGE B57 OF THE NOTES (bottom


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