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MSU ECE 480 - Final report Final version

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Figure 7. 51.8 Volt Battery and PCMMaxwell Technologies BMOD0165-48.6V Supercapacitors:The BMOD00165 module was not our first choice for the system but it was the second best choice. In order to supply 1000W of power for 18 seconds at 48V a capacitor needs a minimum of 44 Farads.Figure 8.Module Voltage Vs. Time Characteristics:Design Team 10Final ReportBattery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage SystemExecutive Summary:The project undertaken by design team ten is to design and build a “Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System” for HEV and renewable power generation. The parameters for a successful project is a system will have a nominal 48 Volts and be able to powera pulsating load with the following characteristics: 48 Volts  20%, one kilowatt peak power for 18 seconds over every two minutes with an average of 200W over the two minute period. The system has been designed to run over a 30 minute period without being recharged by an external source. Super capacitors are used to provide 1kW of power for 18 seconds during each cycle. Wehave placed in our system a super capacitor module that can handle over 18 seconds if necessary.We constructed a 14 cell lithium ion battery (51.8 Volts nominal) equipped with a protection circuit module. Active circuit components such as solid state relays are used to control the flow of power between the power supplies and the load. This system is efficient because it reduces theoverall cost and weight when placed against other systems that perform the same functions. ECE 480 Design Team 10 - 1 -Acknowledgements:We would like to give a few words of acknowledgements to the people that made this project possible. Mr. Roger Koenig your organizations generous funding and your vision for our system made our journey of discovery possible. Dr. Peng and Dr. Goodman both of you providedimpeccable guidance. The specialists at the ECE shop and Mrs. Roxanne Peacock provided greatadvice and services during critical times of the last semester. Table of Contents: Page:Chapter 1 - Introduction and Background………………………………………..3-4Chapter 2 – Exploring the Solution Space and Selecting a Specific Approach….5-13Chapter 3 – Technical Description of Work Performed…………………………14-17Chapter 4 – Test Data with Proof of Functional Design………………………...18Chapter 5 – Final Costs, Schedule, Summary, and Solutions………………...…19Appendix 1 – Technical Roles, Responsibilities, and Work Accomplished…….20-21Appendix 2 – Literature and Website References……………………………….22Appendix 3 – And Beyond, Detailed Technical Attachments…………………..23ECE 480 Design Team 10 - 2 -Introduction:The rising cost of energy combined with increasing awareness and acceptance of global warming, has served as kindling for the forge that is now the white-hot “green” technology sector. The field of Electrical Engineering is deeply affected by the push for cleaner energy and transportation. Hybrid vehicles have emerged as a possible solution some of the world energy ailments. Even though the hybrid saves fuel, it has its flows. The battery is made of highly reactive substances, is very expensive, heavy, and difficult to replace. For the hybrid electric vehicle to become a complete solution, these flows have to be addressed. The advent of new, high-energy storage capacitors, and lighter rechargeable batteries, with greater energy density, has allowed new developments in the clean energy sector. Creating and utilizing new technologies is at the forefront of modern engineering and is sure to create many jobs, driving our economy, our careers, and our vehicles for the foreseeable future.Background:Rechargeable batteries such as lithium ion batteries are idea energy sources because they save the cost of replacement and they alleviate the environmental damage of disposable batteries.Today’s Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV) for example use rechargeable batteries with gas powered engines to provide power to a vehicle. This system uses the battery as a primary source of energy and gasoline as a backup in order to achieve greater gas mileage. The problem with this system is the battery has no buffer between it and the load (in this case the every system in the car). Without a buffer the battery is susceptible to damage and battery life is greatly reduced. The preferable operation of a rechargeable battery would be a constant load drawing average to minimum current. While using a battery in an HEV by itself, the battery is subjected to changes in the amount of power it generates to and receives from the load. Since most rechargeable batteries have low power densities their life spans are reduced by the constant erratic oscillation in demand. A solution to this problem can be a super capacitor/ battery system, with the super capacitors acting as a buffer. Super capacitors make suitable buffers because they have high power densities making it possible for them to handle erratic oscillations in demand without sustaining any damages. Objective:The objective of this project is to develop an energy storage system that is suitable for use in Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV) and can be used for remote or backup energy storage systems in absence of a working power grid. In order to get the highest efficiency from this system, supercapacitors will be used in parallel with the battery and a pulsed load. The final product should use active circuit components to influence performance and efficiency in accordance with a varying load. The load will be programmed to simulate a pulsating energy demand. The goal is create an efficient system with an overall reduction in cost, size, and weight.ECE 480 Design Team 10 - 3 -Power/Energy density chart:Ultra capacitors have a high power density when compared to conventional batteries which makes them ideal for use in applications that require quick boosts of power or applicationsthat require a power supply to receive a large amount of power in a short amount of time for example regenerative braking. A major drawback to ultra capacitors is there inability to handle higher voltages per cell unit and their voltage decays linearly making them highly unstable for


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MSU ECE 480 - Final report Final version

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