Today• Keyboard• Music Staff• Steps• Scales• IntervalsThe PlanThursday• Harmonics• Frequency Spectra and Timbre• Intervals and Frequency RatiosThe Piano KeyboardCThe Piano KeyboardThe Piano KeyboardDThe Piano KeyboardEThe Piano KeyboardECD FGABCT 13.1a) Cb) Dc) Ed) FCThe Piano KeyboardCDCD= sharp= flatThe Piano KeyboardC#/DbD#/EbF#/GbG#/AbA#/BbCT 13.2a) F#b) Gbc) A#d) AbCOur First TuneECD FGOur First TuneE E F G GF E D C CD E E D DECD FGOur First TuneE E F G GF E D C CD E D C CECD FGOur First TuneE E F G G | F E D C C | D E E D DE E F G G | F E D C C | D E D C COur First TuneE E F G G | F E D C C | D E E D DE E F G G | F E D C C | D E D C CBeethoven’s 9thSymphony“Ode to Joy”The StaffEBAGFTreble ClefThe StaffEFDBGEvery Good Boy Does FineTreble ClefThe StaffECAFThe StaffDAGBCBigger PictureMiddle Cf = 261.6 HzConcert Af = 440 HzNotes and ScalesHalf stepNotes and ScalesHalf stepFrequency RatiosHalf Step12f2= f1x122≈ f1x 1.05946Equal temperament12If C is 260 Hz and a half step increases the frequency by a factor of 1.05946, what’s the frequency of C#?CT 13.3a) 275.5 Hzb) 261.1 Hzc) 520.0 Hzd) 262.2 HzNotes and ScalesWhole stepNotes and ScalesWhole stepCT 13.4What is the frequency of this D?(The frequency of the indicated C is 265.0 Hz and the frequency ratio for half steps is 1.05946) a) 267.1 Hzb) 528.1 Hzc) 530.0 Hzd) 297.5 HzCCT 13.5These notes are separated by:a) 1 ½ stepsb) 3 whole stepsc) Both a and bd) None of the aboveNotes and ScalesC majorWHWWWWHMajor StepPatternNotes and ScalesC# majorWHWWW WHSame StepPatternNotes and ScalesA minorWWHWHWWMinor StepPatternNotes and ScalesGb minorWWHWH W WSame StepPatternNotes and ScalesChromaticCT 13.6How many notes in the chromatic scale? (Don’t include the octave.)a) 13b) 12c) 8d) 7IntervalsMajor secondIntervalsMajor thirdIntervalsPerfect fourthIntervalsPerfect fifthIntervalsMajor SixthIntervalsMajor SeventhIntervalsOctaveIntervalsNinthCT 13.7How many half steps in a perfect fifth?a) 3b) 4c) 6d) 7Example Problem• Work out frequencies for C-major scale using A = 440 Hz as a starting pointSummary• Adjacent notes on the piano keyboard are a half step apart• A scale is a staircase of pitches. The pitches are usually separated by half steps and whole steps. • A note that is a half step higher in pitch than another has a frequency that is~1.05946 times higher (for equal
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