SOCI 3225 Exam # 1 Study Guide- Burgess Concentric Zone (Page 72)o Zone 1: Central business district, the economic, transportation center of the city & retail district Increase in office space & convention center todayo Zone 2: “the in transition”; until deindustrialized in the 70’s it contained older factory complexes It was also a point of entry for immigrants to settle into cheap houses near factories & known for high crime rates & social disorganization 20th century newer immigrants replaced them A pattern where groups of lower socioeconomic status people where locatedo Zone 3: “working class”; typically blue collar families, usually where zone 2 moved from when they had more moneyo Zone 4: “zone of the better residences” with the middle class, small business owners andwhite-collar jobs. New landscape pattern from single family homes to apartment buildings in the 20’s.o Final zone: “commuter zone”; before WWII it was upper-middle class with traditional suburban life patternso Housing & neighborhoods filter from high status to lower-status populations, which were used to determine housing values. Today gentrification changes this theory, where commercial property & warehouses are being converted into affluent housing- Hoyt Sector Model (page 75)o Growth takes place through pie-shaped wedges or sectors that extend from the center toward the periphery of the cityo Each wedge radiates from the coreo Focuses on the role of transportation arterieso Better explains outer development out along interstate & other major highways- Multi-centered/polycentric Model (page 75)o Rejects the idea of a single centered cityo Believed that there are many distinct centers of activityo Different land uses have different centers, develop around what were originally independent nuclei- Marxist Urban political economy (78)o Economic competition for space produces the spatial order of citieso Urban political economy looks at social power & how urban decisions favor the powerfulat the expense of otherso Baltimore Study: financial capitalists seeking maximum profit without regard to the needs of the urban population- Urban growth machine (page 81)o “Will it make money” vs. “is it good for the city”o Local government is pushed to view cities not as places to live but where it’s best to create a good business climate- LA School/Postmodern city (page 78)o Multicultural way of life, periphery is now the coreo There isn’t a single ethnic group, nor way of life, nor industrial sector dominating the scene- World system theory (page 81)o Where cities fit into the world hierarchy of citieso Globalization is all about which cities will dominate economicallyo Cities have small elites living in luxury & large number living in povertyo They want to turn cities into high-tech business centers, while those living in poverty gettheir claims ignoredo They want to attract global investors, which determines their ranko Capitalism continues to dominate the globe, inequality will persist- The Fair Housing Act 1968 (133); racial steering by real estate agents & discrimination by banks, lending institutions & insurance companies still persistso Blacks still have significantly high rates of home loan rejections than do same-income whiteso Pattern of black spillover from central cities into older inner-ring suburbso Suburban blacks are more likely to live in suburban communities that had lower averagefamily income, less adequate housing & strained local