HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR WORLD WAR II THE HOME FRONT Mobilization on the Home Front The Office of War Information OWI Economic Expansion War Work New jobs new workers Urbanization and migration Women in the workforce Race Ethnicity and World War II African Americans and a growing civil rights movement Japanese American internment Mexican immigration and Braceros Jewish immigrants and Jewish Americans Ethnic whites Domestic legacies of World War II Outline of Current Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR THE COLD WAR The End of WWII the Creation of the United Nations The Cold War in the Truman Years American Capitalism vs Soviet Communism the Roots of the Cold War The Truman Doctrine Containment Economic Aid The Marshall Plan Humanitarian Aid Economic Recovery NATO the Soviet Response Global Cold War Underway Winning Over Japan NSC 68 The Korean War The Cold War in the Eisenhower Years From Stalin to Khrushchev Eisenhower s Strategy Diplomacy Massive Retaliation John Foster Dulles the CIA and Proxy Wars Iran More Peaceful Coexistence Current Lecture 1 The End of WWII the Creation of the United Nations a US Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Great Britain France China b 51 allied countries came together to create new organization i Dedicated to maintaining world peace and security ii Solving world economic political and social problems through peaceful cooperation 2 The Cold War in the Truman Years a American Capitalism vs Soviet Communism the Roots of the Cold War i US declares itself leader of the free world 1 US saw capitalism and free market as best way to secure individual freedoms and prosperity ii Soviet Union proclaims itself as leader of communist nations 1 Wanted society to share riches equally 2 Great Purges thousands executed millions exiled into slave labor camps iii Tensions coming into play 1 No free elections in countries where its sphere of influence reached 2 Thought they had paid enough by losing the greatest number of people iv Iron Curtain 1 Separated east Europe and west soviet union b The Truman Doctrine Containment Economic Aid 1947 i Said US would provide any assistant to all democratic nations under stack from external or internal communist forces ii Saying that the future of the free world was now America s responsibility 1 Major turning point in us foreign policy iii At same time Truman was not ready to go to war for this American leadership position iv Containment was a non war approach 1 Keeping communism to certain areas and not allowing to expand 2 Told Soviet Union they would not tolerate expansion 3 First component of non militarized plan 4 2nd would provide supplies and materials to help keep communism out c The Marshall Plan Humanitarian Aid Economic Recovery i Political motivated humanitarian aid program ii Western European countries were threatened by breakdown because they needed basic aid 1 Warned that unless US stepped in to stop this situation all of Europe would fall 2 Wanted to help countries in west Europe to get back on feet so that communism wasn t tempting 3 Revitalized western Europe iii Created more tensions between US and SU 1 Stalin believed that US would buy off eastern European countries a Sponsored communist coup in Czechoslovakia b Blockades east Berlin i Truman sponsors Berlin airlift which brought supplies to citizens in east Berlin iv Drew link between political control and humanitarian aid 1 Meant to decrease support of communism government d NATO the Soviet Response i April 1949 ii Mutual defense agency between US and western European democracy iii Stalin creates German Democratic Republic east Germany 1 Confirms separation of east Germany from the rest of Europe iv 1949 USSR tests atomic bomb v 1950 US expands defense budget e Global Cold War Underway i Winning Over Japan 1 1945 1952 US forces occupy Japan a Provides aid and assistance to rebuild the country i Rebuilt in a way that would make them US ally ii Oct 1949 Mao Tse tung forms the communist people s republic of china 1 Now having to contain both USSR and China iii NSC 68 1 National Security Council 2 Soviet Union seeks to impose its absolute authority over the rest of the world iv The Korean War 1 When WWII ended Korea was divided into 2 states 2 US controlled south USSR north a USSR trains north army and invades south b Truman sends troops to stop 3 General MacArthur invades North Korea a Chinese and North Koreans oust Army 4 Divided Visions of Containment Total War vs Limited War a Truman relieves MacArthur of duty due to differences in opinion on war f Growing Militarization i H bomb created and tested 3 The Cold War in the Eisenhower Years a From Stalin to Khrushchev i USSR tests H bomb b Eisenhower s Strategy Diplomacy Massive Retaliation i Reached out to soviet union ii First conference between president and USSR leader since end of war iii Also understood realities of the cold war 1 Hungarian Revolution a Anti communist pro democracy revolution b Squashed by USSR and ends iv Wanted to build up US nuclear weapon supply 1 Called this massive retaliation a With this us would be able to deter war and keep it from happening b USSR would know that US could obliterate them with this mass arsenal v Problems 1 Not flexible policy a If USSR invaded allies and US couldn t use bombs it would be mute vi Mutually Assured Destruction 1 Keep both sides in a stalemate 2 Lead to huge build up of nuclear weapons on both sides c John Foster Dulles secretary of state the CIA and Proxy Wars i Saw conflict as a conflict between good and evil 1 Us vs them 2 We did no wrong 3 They did no right ii Committed to liberation of any people under communism rule 1 Eisenhower often ignored his advice iii CIA Allen Dulles 1 Proxy Wars a Making an example of someone else to scare enemy 2 Put down uprisings that were threats to American interest a Lead to some radical and questionable fights iv Iran More 1 Oil trying to be nationalized 2 1953 CIA planned financed and carried out Coup to overthrow Iranian Prime Minister a Backed it up by saying he was influenced by communist 3 First time in history that CIA had overthrew democratic democracy and replaced with autocratic monarch with US foreign policy d Peaceful Coexistence