HIST 106 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 10 18 th 1 19 Amendment 1 Passes quickly in house takes 18 months in senate 2 August 18th 1920 Tennessee becomes final state needed to ratify 3 Gave Women the right to vote 2 A Date Which Will Live in Infamy a Pearl Harbor i Before attack most Americans agreed we should remain isolationist ii Attack destroys and damages 8 battleship and 300 planes 1 Whole of pacific force iii Didn t destroy air carriers out at sea at that point oil reserves or repair stations 1 Allowed not completely sunk ships to be repaired iv Japanese wanted to destroy whole US force 1 Bombed bases all throughout pacific ocean v Also attacked British bases vi Congress declares war on Japan 1 day later 3 Philip Randolph 1 Calls for blacks to demand equal rights for time served in war 2 March on Washington a Called on blacks to travel to DC for mass march b Meant to protest discrimination in military federal jobs and against Jim Crow c FDR Ideal that many black protestors converging on DC would create negative publicity world wide i FDR meets with Randolph to discuss solution 1 Executive Order 8802 a Banned discrimination in the military b Formed fair employment practices committee i Investigated war time discrimination 4 Atlantic Charter a Atlantic Charter 1941 i Between US and Britain b defined the Allied goals for the post war world It was drafted by Britain and the United States and later agreed to by all the Allies The Charter stated the ideal goals of the war no territorial aggrandizement no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people restoration of self government to those deprived of it free access to raw materials reduction of trade restrictions global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all freedom from fear and want freedom of the seas and abandonment of the use of force as well as disarmament of aggressor nations 5 Bolshevik Revolution 1 New provisional government put into place a Pledge to keep in war even though it was very unpopular in war 2 Lenin urges Bolsheviks to take over government a Bolsheviks sign different treaty with German and pulls Russia out of war b Allows Germany to focus all troops on the west 6 Bonus Army March 1 Summer 1932 Hoover cemented reputation as cold and hard 2 Congress had promised veterans a bonus in the form of a bond that would mature in 1945 a Should help veterans once they retire 3 Veterans from all over form bonus expedition force a Demanded congress pay bonus now not in 1945 4 Pledged to stay in DC until congress gave bonus immediately a Congress votes down bill 5 Hoover wasn t happy about presence in DC a Ordered police to move veterans camping in an abandoned federal building b Few respond by throwing rocks at police i Open fire and 2 veterans killed c Considered response as growing radicalism and revolution d Ordered army to help move out all the squatters i General Patton stabs one man who had received award for saving his life 7 Bracero Program 1 200 000 Mexicans brought to US by government for short term employment a Worked as laborers on farms 2 Encouraged mass immigration of Mexicans to US a Changed face of west 8 Civilian Conservation Corps 1 Provide jobs 2 Conserve America s natural resources 3 Hired young unmarried men between 17 25 to undertake conservation project a Signed up for 6 months to live in CCC camp i Were given room and board and a stipend that they were required to send home 4 Excluded women 5 Camps were segregated 9 Committee on Public Information a 10 D Day a From England into France b Normandy beaches in France landed on 11 Double V Campaign 1 Victory over fascism abroad and racism at home 2 Congress of Racial Equality 3 NAACP sees membership grow due to campaign 12 Equal Rights Amendment a National Women s party pushes for Equal rights amendment i Widely opposed ii Aside from them not many other women groups supported it iii Pushed for 19th amendment 13 Executive Order 8802 a Banned discrimination in the military b Formed fair employment practices committee i Investigated war time discrimination 14 Farm Crisis a Largely ignored by everyone but farmers 2 Farm foreclosures rose a Didn t have money to pay off any debts b of state sold for taxes c 3 million people left rural areas 15 Father Charles Coughlin i Radio Priest ii Catholic priest from Michigan who s weekly radio programs reached nearly 1 3 of Americans iii Initially a supporter of FDR until the new deal 1 Said it was corrupted by business iv National Union for Social Justice 1 Spread populist mission and picked up old populist causes a Pushed for US to go on silver standard b Demanded nationalization of key industry c Protection of worker s rights 2 Promoted message by saying depression was caused by international Jewish conspiracy to corner the world s gold v Appealed to blue collared workers vi Wanted to challenge FDR through 3rd party in 1936 election vii Started losing support of catholic church 16 First and Second New Deals a New deal i Immediately sprang into action after election ii For all that it changed it left capitalism intact along with American individualism and independence b First 100 days i Relief ii Recovery iii Reform c Relief programs designed to provide immediate help i Immediate aid to people ii Wanted to help banks 1 Proclaimed 4 day bank holiday a Banks had to close b People couldn t draw their money out c Stopped shut down 2 Calls congress together and pushes emergency banking act a All banks had to be inspected before they could reopen b Federal government would assist and reorganize some 3 Fire side chat a Told people to go to banks and make deposits i Assured it was safest place for money ii Showed government support 4 Banks reopen a Deposits outnumber withdrawals iii Beer wine revenue act 1 Said there were more things the government should be worried about then fighting organized crime 2 Taxes could bring in more revenue than banning alcohol prohibition 3 21st amendment a Repeals 18th amendment b Ends prohibition on a federal level states can still enact it though iv Wants to halt massive unemployment 1 Opposed direct charity on principle but decided it was a necessary temporary principle 2 Congress passes FERA Federal Emergency Relief Administration a Gave 500 million in federal dollars to states b States were supposed to use money within borders as they saw fit i Many opposed just giving cash handouts ii Wanted to work vs just getting money c Provided food