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ECU PSYC 1000 - The Brain
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PSYC 1000 Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Mind Functioninga. Neurons and how they communicateb. Systems that build the mindc. Slow communicating Endocrine system (hormones)II. Biology of “self”a. Where is the identity?b. Biological PsychologistIII. Structure of a NeuronIV. How neurons communicateV. Roles of NeurotransmittersVI. Serotonin Pathwaysa. Regulate moodVII. Dopamine Pathwaysa. Focuses attention and controlling movementVIII. Nervous SystemIX. Inner and outer parts of the Nervous Systema. Brain and spinal cord is the body’s decision makerX. Types of NeuronsXI. Autonomic Nervous Systema. Sympathetic NS arouses(fight or flight)b. Parasympathetic NS calms(rest and digest)XII. The Endocrine Systema. Message systemOutline of Current Lecture I. Monitoring activity in the Braina. EEGb. PETc. MRId. fMRIII. Less Complex Brain Structuresa. Brainstem: Pons and Medullab. Thalamusc. Reticular Formationd. Cerebellum (little brain)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Limbic Systemf. Hippocampus (seahorse)g. Amygdala (almond)h. The HypothalamusIII. Higher Brain, Split Brain: Cortex Processinga. The LobesCurrent LectureThe Brain: Module 4IV. Monitoring activity in the Braina. EEGi. Electroencephalogramii. Recording of the electrical waves sweeping across the brain’s surfaceiii. Useful in studying seizures and sleepb. PETi. Positron Emission Tomographyii. See what part of the brain is active by tracing where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a c. MRIi. Magnetic Resonance Imagingii. Makes images from signals produced by brain tissue after magnets align the spin of atomsd. fMRIi. Functional MRIii. Reveals brain activity and function rather than structuresiii. Compares successive MRI images taken a split second apart and shows changes in the level of oxygen in blood flow in the brainV. Less Complex Brain Structuresa. Brainstem: Pons and Medullai. The Medulla: Controls the most basic functions such as heartbeat and breathing. Someone with total brain damage above the medulla could still breathe independently, but some oneb. Thalamusi. Sensory switchboard or routerii. All sensory messages, except smell, are routed through the thalamus on the way to the cortex (outer brain).c. Reticular Formationi. Nerve network in the brainstemii. Enable alertness (arousal); stimulating this makes us awakeiii. Filters incoming sensory information and relays to the other brain areasd. Cerebellum (little brain)i. Helps coordinate voluntary movement such as playing a sportii. Enabling memory and nonverbal learningiii. Stores implicit memories and learning processesiv. Helps judge time, modulate emotions, and integrate multiple sources of sensory inputv. Located in two parts behind the pons and below the back of the braine. Limbic Systemi. Emotions such as fear and aggressionii. Drives such as hunger and sexiii. Formation of episodic memoriesf. Hippocampus (seahorse)i. Process conscious, episodic memoriesii. Works with the amygdala to form emotionally charged memoriesg. Amygdala (almond)i. Consists of two lima-bean sized neural clustersii. Helps process emotions, especially fear and aggressioniii. Enabling two different responses to threativ. Scenario: Cat electrical stimulation of one area of a cat’s amygdala provokes aggressive reactionsv. If you stimulate a different part of the amygdala and put the cat in a cage with a mouse, the cat will cower in terrorh. The Hypothalamusi. Regulates body temperature and ensures adequate food and water intake(homeostasis), and is involved in sex driveii. Directs the endocrine system via messages to the pituitary glandiii. Considered a Reward CenterVI. Higher Brain, Split Brain: Cortex Processinga. The Lobesi. Frontal Lobes1. Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgmentsii. Parietal Lobes1. Include the sensory cortexiii. Occipital Lobes1. Visual areas; receive visual information from opposite visual fieldiv. Temporal Lobes1. Auditory processing


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