DOC PREVIEW
IUB PSY-P 101 - Lecture 18_student

This preview shows page 1-2-3-4-5 out of 14 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 14 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 14 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 14 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 14 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 14 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 14 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Slide 1A Human Talent: Responding to Delayed ReinforcersSlide 3Slide 4Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment (1961)Bobo doll videoSlide 7Learning by ObservationMirroring Plus Vicarious ReinforcementProsocial Effects of Observational LearningAntisocial Effects of Observational LearningSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Results of the different schedules of reinforcement Which reinforcements produce more “responding” (more target behavior)?Fixed interval: slow, unsustained responding Paycheck and worker caseVariable interval: slow, consisten respondingchecking email, text messagesFixed ratio: high rate of respondingGiving yourself a cookieVariable ratio: high consistent responding, even if reinforcement stops (resists extinction)Slot machinesA Human Talent: Responding to Delayed ReinforcersIf you give a dog a treat ten minutes after they did a trick, you’ll be reinforcing whatever they did right before the treat (sniffing?). Dogs respond to immediate reinforcement.Humans have the ability to link a consequence to a behavior even if they aren’t linked sequentially in time. The piece of paper (money) can be a delayed reinforcer, paid a month later, yet still reinforcing if we link it to out performance.Delaying gratificationMarshmallow TaskChildren were left in a room by themselves with ONE marshmallow. They were told that they could eat the marshmallow if they wanted, but if they didn’t eat it, they will get a SECOND marshmallow.Delayed gratification: children had to delay enjoying a tasty sweet to get more•Children have a hard time doing this•But it’s important! Those who are better at it have better live outcomesAllows us to learn from others without directly experiencing effects •Observational Learning: Learning that occurs as a result of observing the experience of othersProminent researcher: Albert Bandura, studied observational learning of aggresionAlbert Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment (1961)Children were placed in a room with toys and another adult. The adult began hitting a bobo doll in the room, acting aggressively towards it and using aggressive language.Children were then taken into a room with nice toys, allowed to play for a little bit, then told they couldn’t play anymore and taken back to the room with theBobo doll videoAlbert Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment (1961): demonstrated that children can learn by observationAlbert Bandura’s (1963) Study: children saw an adult either•Get rewarded for hitting the bobo doll•Get punished•Receive no consequence**Results showed most aggressive behavior in children who watched Operant conditioning can happen through observationLearning by ObservationSkills required: mirroring, being able to picture ourselves doing the same action, and cognition, noticing consequences and associations. ModelingThe behavior of others serves as a model, an example of how to respond to a situation; we may try this model regardless of reinforcement Vicarious ConditioningVicarious: experienced indirectly, through othersVicarious reinforcement and punishment means our choices are affected as we see others get consequences for their behaviorObservational Learning ProcessesMirroring Plus Vicarious ReinforcementMirroring enables observational learning; we cognitively practice a behavior just by watching it If you combine this with vicarious reinforcement, we are even more likely to get imitation.Monkey A saw Monkey B getting a banana after pressing four symbols. Monkey A then pressed the same four symbols (even though they were in different locations).Prosocial Effects of Observational LearningProsocial behavior refers to actions which benefit others, contribute value to groups, and follow moral codes and social norms.Parents try to teach this behavior through lectures, but it may be taught best through modeling… especially if kids can see the benefits of the behavior to oneself or others.Antisocial Effects of Observational LearningWhat happens when we learn from models who demonstrate antisocial behavior, actions that are harmful to individuals and society?Children who witness violence in their homes, but are not physically harmed themselves, may hate violence but still may become violent more often than the average child Also happens in children who are physically punished themselvesDoes being exposed to violence make people more violent?VideoShooter had thousands of dollars of violent video games in his possessionPlayed hours and hours of Call of Duty, an intense shooting game. Could he have been modeling video game behavior?Newtown ShootingWhat do you


View Full Document

IUB PSY-P 101 - Lecture 18_student

Download Lecture 18_student
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Lecture 18_student and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Lecture 18_student 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?