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EIU BUS 3500 - DATABASE TECHNOLOGIES

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DATABASE TECHNOLOGIESLEARNING GOALSWhat is a database?Basic Concepts of Data ManagementBasic Concepts of Database systemsBasic Concepts in Data ManagementTraditional File SystemsTraditional File System AnomaliesDatabase Management System (DBMS)DBMS FunctionsMore DBMS FunctionsTypes of DBMSsTypes of DBMSs (Cont.)Slide 14Database ModelsFlat File DatabaseRelational ModelObject-Oriented DBMSData WarehouseData MartSummary Questions1DATABASETECHNOLOGIESBUS3500 - Abdou Illia, Fall 2012(September 5, 2012)2LEARNING GOALSExplain basic concepts of data management.Describe traditional file systems and identify their problems.Define database management systems and describe their various functions.Explain how the relational database model works.Explain Object-Oriented databases.Explain Data Warehouse, Data Mart3What is a database?Collection of related files containing records on people, places, or things.Databases make data easy to access and manage.Customers InfoAccounts Info Employees InfoAccess and Management tools4Basic Concepts of Data ManagementDatabase: Collection of data organized in different containersTable 1 Table 2 Table 3ReportForm 1Acc #:_______Name:_______5Basic Concepts of Database systemsTableTwo-dimensional structure composed of rows and columnsFieldLike a column in a spreadsheetField nameLike a column name in a spreadsheetExamples: AccountID, Customer, Type, BalanceField valuesActual data for the fieldRecordSet of fields that describe an entity (a person, an account, etc.)Primary key A field, or group of fields, that uniquely identifies a recordAccountID Customer Type Balance660001 John Smith Checking $120.00660002 Linda Martin Saving $9450.00660003 Paul Graham Checking $3400.00Accounts tableEach table has:FieldsRecords1 Primary key6Basic Concepts in Data ManagementA Primary key could be a single field like in these tablesA Primary key could be a composite key, i.e. multiple fieldsAccountID Customer Type Balance660001 John Smith Checking $120.00660002 Linda Martin Saving $9450.00660003 Paul Graham Checking $3400.00Primary key7Traditional File SystemsSystem of files that store groups of records used by a particular software applicationSimple but with a costInability to share dataInadequate securityDifficulties in maintenance and expansionAllows data duplication (e.g. redundancy)Application 1Program 1File 1File 2File 3Program 2File 1File 2File 3Application 2Program 1File 1File 2File 3Program 2File 1File 2File 38Traditional File System AnomaliesInsertion anomalyData needs to be entered more than once if located in multiple file systemsModification anomalyRedundant data in separate file systemsInconsistent data in your systemDeletion anomalyFailure to simultaneously delete all copies of redundant dataDeletion of critical data9Database Management System (DBMS)Combination of software and data forCollecting, storing and managing data in a database environment.A DBMS includes:DatabaseDatabase engine (for accessing and modifying the DB content)Data Manipulation LanguageApplication 1Program-1 Program-2Application 2Program-1 Program-2DBMS10DBMS FunctionsStore data (in tables) on secondary storageTransform data into information (reports, ..)Provide user with different logical views of actual database contentProvide securityDBMSs control who can add, view, change, or delete data in the databaseID Name Amt01 John 23.0002 Linda 3.0003 Paul 53.00Physical viewID Name02 LindaName Amt Paul 53.00ID Name Amt01 John 23.0002 Linda 3.00Logical views11More DBMS FunctionsAllow multi-user accessControl concurrency of access to dataPrevent one user from accessing data that has not been completely updatedWhen selling tickets online, Ticketmaster allows you to hold a ticket for only 2 minutes to make your purchase decision, then the ticket is released to sell to someone else – that is concurrency control12Types of DBMSsDesktopDesigned to run on desktop computersUsed by individuals or small businessesRequires little or no formal trainingDoes not have all the capabilities of larger DBMSsExamples: Microsoft Access, FileMaker, ParadoxDesktopServer / EnterpriseHandheld13Types of DBMSs (Cont.)Server / EnterpriseDesigned for managing larger and complex databases by large organizationsTypically operate in a client/server setupEither centralized or distributedCentralized – all data on one serverEasy to maintainProne to run slowly when many simultaneous usersNo access if the one server goes downDistributed – each location has part of the databaseVery complex database administrationUsually faster than centralizedIf one server crashes, others can still continue to operate.Examples: Oracle Enterprise, DB2, Microsoft SQL Server14Types of DBMSs (Cont.)HandheldDesigned to run on handheld devicesLess complex and have less capabilities than Desktop or Server DBMSsExample: Oracle Database Lite, IBM’s DB2 Everywhere.15Database ModelsDatabase model = a representation of the relationship between structures (e.g. tables) in a databaseCommon database modelsFlat file modelRelational model (this one is the most common)Object-oriented database model16Flat File DatabaseStores data in basic table structuresNo relationship between tablesUsed on PDAs for address book17Relational ModelMultiple tables related by common fieldsUses controlled redundancy to create fields that provide linkage relationships between tables in the databaseThese fields are called foreign keys – the secret to a relational databaseA foreign key is a field, or group of fields, in one table that is the primary key of another table18Object-Oriented DBMSNeeded for multimedia applications that manage images, voice, videos, graphics, etc. in addition to numbers and characters.Popular in Web applicationsSlower compared to relational DBMS for processing large number of transactionsHybrid object-relational DBMS are emerging19Data WarehouseMany organizations need internal, external, current, and historical dataData Warehouse are designed to, typically, store and manage data from operational transaction systems, Web site transactions.Figure 5-1220Data MartSubset of data warehouses that is highly focused and isolated


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EIU BUS 3500 - DATABASE TECHNOLOGIES

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