CS294-8: Research Seminar on Communications to the eXtremeAgendaSlide 3Technology as a ProcessHistoric PerspectiveWhat’s Important: Shifts in Technology MetricsWhat is Needed?Technology Changes & Architectural ImplicationsSlide 9Evolution of the ComputerSlide 11Evolution vs. Revolution: Devices in the eXtremeConvergence, Competition, DiversitySlide 14Information AppliancesIndustry ShiftsFast Projected Growth in Non-PC Terminal EquipmentHome NetworkingWho Will Own the System Software of the 21st Century? Sony versus MicrosoftSlide 20Deeply Networked SystemsTruly eXtreme Devices: Pister’s Dust MotesCOTS Dust - Optical MotesConcept of OperationsVirtual KeyboardRepresentative Research Challenges in Deeply Networked Systems1CS294-8: Research Seminar onCommunications to the eXtremeDavid E. Culler, Randy H. KatzCS Division, EECS DepartmentUniversity of California, BerkeleySpring 20002Agenda•Revolutions in Computing and Communications•Convergence, Competition, Divergence•Information Appliances•Deeply Networked Systems3Agenda•Revolutions in Computing and Communications•Convergence, Competition, Divergence•Information Appliances•Deeply Networked Systems4Technology as a ProcessIntegration: Whatwe can build into asystemInnovation:breakthroughtechnologiesTimeCapabilityFor deeply networked systems, system architecture currently lags technology5Historic Perspective•Technology discontinuities drive new computing paradigms, applications, system architectures•E.g., Xerox Alto–3Ms--1 mips, 1 megapixel, 1 mbps–Fourth M: 1 megabyte of memory–From time sharing to LAN-connected client-server with display intensive applications•What will drive the next discontinuity? What are the new metrics of system capability?–This seminar: deeply networked systems–eXtreme Devices: the small, the large, the numerous6What’s Important: Shifts in Technology Metrics•Display (human-computer interface)–More ubiquitous I/Os (e.g., MEMS sensors & actuators) and modalities (speech, vision, image)–How to Quantify?•Connectivity (computer-computer interface)–Not bandwidth but “scaled ubiquity”–Million accesses per day•Computing (processing capacity)–Unbounded capacity & utility functionality (very high mean time to unavailable, gracefully degraded capability acceptable7What is Needed?•Automatic Self-Configuration–Personalization on a Vast Scale–Plug-and-Play•The OS of the Planet–New management concerns: protection, information utility, not scheduling the processor–What is the OS of the Internet? TCP plus queue scheduling in routers•Adapts to You–Protection, Organization, Preferences by Example8Technology Changes & Architectural Implications •Zillions of Tiny Devices–Proliferation of information appliances, MEMS, etc.•“Of course it’s connected!”–Cheap, ample bandwidth–“Always on” networking•Vast (Technical) Capacity–Scalable computing in the infrastructure–Rapid decline in processing, memory, & storage cost•Adaptive Self-Configuration•Loosely Organized•“Good Enough” Reliabilty and Availability•Any-to-Any Transducers (dealing with heterogeneity, over time--legacy--and space)•Communities (sharing)9Agenda•Revolutions in Computing and Communications•Convergence, Competition, Divergence•Information Appliances•Deeply Networked Systems10Evolution of the ComputerEniac, 1947Telephone,1876Computer+ Modem1957Early WirelessPhones, 1978First Color TVBroadcast, 1953HBO Launched, 1972Interactive TV, 1990Handheld PortablePhones, 1990First PCAltair,1974IBMPC,1981AppleMac,1984ApplePowerbook,1990IBMThinkpad,1992HPPalmtop,1991AppleNewton,1993PentiumPC, 1993Red Herring, 10/9911Evolution of the ComputerPentiumPC, 1993Atari HomePong, 1972AppleiMac, 1998Pentium IIPC, 1997Palm VIIPDA, 1999NetworkComputer,1996FreePC, 1999SegaDreamcast, 1999Internet-enabledSmart Phones, 1999Red Herring, 10/99Convergence, Competition, Divergence in Computing and Communications12Evolution vs. Revolution: Devices in the eXtremeEvolutionInformation Appliances:Scaled down desktops,e.g., CarPC, PdaPC, etc.Evolved DesktopsServers:Scaled-up Desktops,MillenniumRevolutionInformation Appliances:Many computers per person,MEMs, CCDs, LCDs, connectivityServers: Integrated withcomms infrastructure;Lots of computing insmall footprintDisplayKeyboardDiskMemProcPC EvolutionDisplayDisplayCameraSmartSensorsCameraSmart SpacesComputingRevolutionWANServer, Mem, DiskInformationUtilityBANG!DisplayMemDiskProc13Telecomm/Connectivity:Access Networks, Cable, DSL, Satellites, WirelessAT&T, UUnetServer and Software “Platforms”:Corba/Java, NT/Symbiant/Asperios, NOW Ninja, e”speak, AIN/ICEBERG, …Microsoft, Sun, Compaq, RealNetworks, Akaimi, ...Terminal Equipment:PCs, Smart Phones, Game Consoles, InformationAppliances, Set-top Boxes, E-ToysDell, Ericsson, SonyConvergence, Competition, Diversity•Implications: –Shift from computer design to consumer design–Heterogeneous “standards,” hybrid networking–Interactive networking, access on demand, QoS14Agenda•Revolutions in Computing and Communications•Convergence, Competition, Divergence•Information Appliances•Deeply Networked Systems15Information Appliances•Universal Devices vs. Specialized Devices–E.g., Swiss Army Knife vs. Butcher, Butter, Steak, Bread knife•Different design constraints based on intended use, enhances ease of use–Desktop PC–Mobile PC–Desktop “Smart” Phone–Mobile Telephone–Personal Digital Assistant–Set-top Box–Digital VCR–...16Industry Shifts•Implications of PCs as commodity–Increasingly narrow profit margins•Some Reactions:–Intel: recent strategic acquisitions focus on owning silicon for communications, networking, signal processing, multimedia PLUS network services–Sun: focus on infrastructure servers (clusters, RAID storage)--JAVA/JINI sells more server processing and storage–HP: focus on non-desktop “information appliances”, e.g., HP CapShare Portable E-copier17Fast Projected Growth inNon-PC Terminal EquipmentRed Herring, 10/991998 2002015456030MillionsUnitsShippedAll Non-PCInformation AppliancesVideogame ConsolesInternet TVsSmart Phones18Home NetworkingRed Herring, 10/99Power LineBridgeInternetGatewayWirelessBridgeApplianceApplianceWeb PadTVCameraPower LineCarrier (PLC)Phone Line(HomePNA)PhoneJackPowerOutletHomeRF,Bluetooth,IEEE 802.11IrDAHAViHAViX10Home APIUniversal Plug & Play (uPnP)DSLCable ModemSatelliteHeterogeneous devices,
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