Orders of the Day(1) CollembolaSpringtailsentognathous (mouthparts are internal)6,000 speciesno wingsmouthparts internal and varied (chewing/sucking)apart of Carbon cyclesimple metamorphosis (gradual)moist areashave terminal “tail” (furcula) which springs them into the air (6” leaps)eyes absent or reducedvery small (1/16”)very abundant in leaf litterglue peg on abdomen for humiditycan be collected near swimming poolspreserved in alcohol(2) Thysanurasilverfishapterygote (without wings)jumping bristletails350 speciesother names are silverfish (scales) and Firebratschewing mouthpartseat paper and starching materialssimple metamorphosis (ametamorphic)3 long filaments on apical portion of abdomensimple eyes and not touchingplaces to collect included, closets & pantries, around the litter box, up in attics or in old boxes and old papers and folderspreserved in alcoholeconomic importance: can eat starch, book bindings & are a nuisance(3) Ephemeropteramayflies (“short lived”)adults live for about 24 hours2,000 species (aquatic)2 pairs of wings held above bodyadult metamorphosis vestigialsimple metamorphosis (incomplete)2-3 long cerci (filaments)aquatic nymph (Naiad) predatorseat plant life, mosquito larvaehave a sub-imago stage that doesn’t have reproductive organsmate by swarming bc the odds will be better for finding a matecollection: close to water, gas stations, Theatre Complex, at light trapseconomics: environmental indicators and food web contributorspreserve in alcohol(4) Odonatadragonflies & damselflies (snake doctors)5,000 species (Mosquito Hawks/Darners)2 pairs of wings (out or folded)chewing mouthpartssimple metamorphosis (incomplete) aquatic immatures (Naiads)all life stages are predatorsshort antennaelegs used as a basket and immatures have a “mask”most with large compound eyescollection: around rivers and ponds, research park in the springeconomics: beneficial as predators, indicators of water qualitypreserved: immatures in alcohol and adults on pins or points(5) Phasmatodea (Phasmida)walking sticks and Leaf Insects (Ghosts)2,000 speciesgenerally secondarily wingless, some have very small wingschewing mouthparts (plant eaters)simple metamorphosis (gradual)cryptic body form allows them to blend into a backgroundherbivores and arboreal (non-social)parthenogenesis common (asexual)collection: tall grass in field and shrubby areas, tips of branches on trees (shake the tree)economics: generally not a problem but on high value crops (tea leaves)preserved: immatures in alcohol and adults on pins(6) OrthopteraCrickets, grasshoppers, Katydids17,000 species2 pairs of wings with a thickened forewingChewing mouthpartsSimple metamorphosis (gradual)Hind legs often modified for jumpingMost are herbivoresKnown for chirping and singingSome have long ovipositorsCollection: grassy areas, sometimes at lights, follow the chirping soundEconomics: serious pests on crops in Texas; large scale control programsPreserved: immatures preserved in alcohol and adults on pins(7) MantodeaPraying mantis or mantids (2,000 species)2 pair of wings with the forewing slightly thickenedchewing mouthpartssimple metamorphosis (gradual)predators as both immatures and adultsclosely related to the cockroaches, walking sticks and Orthopteransforelegs: special adaptation for grabbingfemales secretes an ootheca (egg sac)collection: on the ground, in areas that you would find other insectsmake awesome petseconomics: consider important biological control agents, sold through garden storespreserved: immatures in alcohol and adults on pins(8) Blattodeacockroaches and roaches (4,000 species)2 pairs of wings with the forewing thickenedchewing mouthpartssimple metamorphosis (gradual)lay ootheca (egg cases)roaches eat anything (omnivorous)head concealed from above by pronotumcollection: on campus at night close to steam vents, in dirtier places in apartments and houses, in rotting woodeconomics: nuisance pests, but are public health concerns as vectors of disease agents, and odors/tastespreserved: immatures in alcohol and adults pinned(9) IsopteraEqual wingsTermitesTermites called white ants1900 species2 pairs of wings; only present one reproductive (Queen/King)chewing mouthpartssimple metamorphosis (gradual)must have a moist environment; get it from the air or moisture in the groundall eusocial (caste system) – certain members are for defense, some for gathering of food, and others for reproducing; all work together for the good of the colonyworkers, soldiers, Queen/Kingmajor destroyer of wood structures, but play an important role in recycling detritussymbiotic bacteria break down cellulosethey recycle the carbon base of planet EarthCollection: rotten logs, wood debris, sometimes living trees, in your wallsEconomics: $2 billion/year damage USA; $400 million/year TexasPreserve all castes in alcohol(10) DermapteraSkin wingsEarwigs1200 species worldwideCan have wings with a hardened “elytra” or they can be absentChewing mouthpartsSimple metamorphosis (gradual)Most adults have pincher-like forceps on tail end. Usually this is larger in malesExhibit maternal care of young. Females stays and guards eggs until they hatch then they leave and hatch more eggsMostly feed on dead or decaying material but can be important predatorsMedically important insects found in ears of humansCollection: leaf litter, on the ground under street lights, in dark damp areasEconomics: not a major pests but can be a nuisance in homes. Several stories about getting into human earsPreserved in alcohol(11) EmbiidinaWeb spinners*30 speciesMales have two pairs of wings and females are winglessChewing mouthpartsSimple metamorphosis (gradual)Live in communal silken galleries beneath the soil or in tree bark*Run backwardsEat dead plant materialsChiefly tropical in habitatCollection: pick off of the bark of treesEconomics: none, but some people object to their webbing on trees and other plantsPreserved in alcohol(12) PlecopteraWickerworkStoneflies1700 species2 pairs of wingsChewing mouthparts – most are herbivorous (adults may not feed)Simple metamorphosis (incomplete)Aquatic nymphs (Naiad)Live near/in cold, clean, flowing streamsLong cerci that look like tailsAdults are weak fliersCollection: on rocks and bridges next to sandy or rocky creeks and streams, on vegetation hanging over streams, in clean rivers, at lightsEconomics: part of food chain for fish and other wildlife, indicator speciesPreserved in alcoholENTO 322 1nd EditionExam