Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Caffeinea. Health Risksb. Case ReportII. Performance Enhancing Drugsa. Anabolic Steroid and Drug Abuse in Sportsb. The reason to use these Drugsc. History of Performance Enhancing Drugsd. Steroidsi. Hazards of Anabolic SteroidsOutline of Current Lecture III. Performance Enhancing Drugsa. Hormonal and Other Manipulationsb. DetectionIV. Glue, Solvents, and Other Inhalantsa. Three Major Onesi. Gaseous Anestheticsii. Volatile Solvents- Household Productsiii. NitritesCurrent LectureAside from the most known kind of enhancing drug, other involve taking more hormones in your system and other kinds of manipulation such as blood doping. Some example of hormone drugs are hGH (CDH), creatine, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Erythropoietin (EPO). Creatine is a daily supplements that comes from meats and fish that help regenerate ATP during the KREB’s Cycle. The otherone is DHEA is a precursor to testosterone and EPO is used to basically cycling red blood cells back into the body for more oxygen, helps have more stamina and duration. A perfect example of an athlete using EPO is Lance Armstrong, a famous cyclist who won the Tour de France seven times. He also did blood doping, which involves the person to re-infuse blood back to the system before an event. Another sport that is known for the use of blood- doping is wrestling. In order to detect someone using these types of enhancing performance drug we have different types of tests that could help us determine the use of the drug. The major category is the urinalysis that is where most of the chemicals are that the body can’t take. One of those types of test is the EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay), this is the cheapest and easiest type of test to use. The way it works is to take a blended These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 3303 1st Editionsubstance into an animals, then the animals produce antibodies, later we extract the antibodies from the animal and observe the results of the human test form the various antibodies extracted from the animals. A common one is a pregnancy test, but we need to have a more distinct kind of test, so the most complex kind is the Gas Chromatography or Mass Spectrometry. This test involve a sample of urine from the person, put in a highly compact like oven, then the gas out of the urine is testes and compared to various types of drugs. The test is very complex and expensive and is mainly used for athletes. The results are not always liable the sensitivity and specificity. One of the major question is the amount of the banned substance in the body wouldresult into a positive result and how long would it take to have a false positive, but the body fluid is in actuality dean. Moving from the sports related drugs, we can talk about other types of ways that are commonly found in our house and are used as glue, solvents, and other kinds of inhalants. For the most part these types drugs are used by young children for a short period. They are generally depressant drugs and are fast in and out of the body. This is why we need to learn about the new ways young children use common household items as inhalants. There are three major types of inhalants, gaseous anesthetics, volatile solvents, and nitrites. Let’s talk about the first type of inhalants the gaseous anesthetics. One of them is nitrous oxide, these are mainly used by dentists. This a non-toxic type of gas, but is sort of prolong if used for a long time that can cause vitamin B12 deficiency or amenia. One major type of use is the intake of balloons for a fun thing, but is not dangerous because is only used for a rare occasion, is more serious if it is used for a long time. The other type is ether, at the time was the most significant breakthrough in the medical field. Before ether, there was not anesthesia that would be used to ease the pain of times of war and other events. This drug is highly flammable and is mainly used for a cold engine for diesel vehicles. One thing to keep in mind is the manufacture of meth. The second major category of inhalants are the volatile solvents. They are mainly the common household items that are unsupervised. One major type is whipped crème, but the dangerous risk for inhaling them is kidney failure, brain damage, peripheral nerve damage, severe headache, and suffocation. The third major category are the nitrites, there are two types the amyl and butyl nitrite. Both are vesseldilators, amyls causes angina, a heart failure, and butyl also known as poppers are more serious. There are potential carcinogenic effects of nitrites, such as high incidence of nitrite inhalation in people diagnosed with Kaposi’s sarcoma, is a rare type of cancer affecting the immune system, these types of inhalants are highly flammable and should not be mixed with any other drug. One of the major reports done and discovered is that after a prolong use of inhalants scientist have found a severe deterioration of the brain. There are no specific areas, but are mainly the major areas used in the brain, such as the frontal cortex.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a