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UNC-Chapel Hill EXSS 276 - Reflexes

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EXSS 276 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Common NeurotransmittersII. The Nervous SystemIII. Sympathetic Nervous System (thoracolumbar) IV. Parasympathetic (cervical / sacral) V. Enteric NSOutline of Current LectureI. ReflexesII. Reflex ArcsIII. Muscle SpindleIV. Golgi Tendon OrgansV. Types of Sensory ReceptorsCurrent LectureI. Reflexesa. Fast, predictable, automatic response to changes in the environment that helps to maintain homeostasisb. Simplest type of pathwayc. Level of brain involvement variesd. How ANS operatese. Some reflexes inborn (hot stove)f. Some reflexes learned (driving)g. Gray vs. white matter in braini. Gray – integration center for reflexesii. White – highways for nerve impulse propagationII. Reflex Arcsa. Fastb. Predictablec. Automaticd. Componentsi. Sensory receptorii. Sensory neuroniii. Integrating centeriv. Motor neuronv. EffectorThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Monosynaptic: 1 synapse in nervous systemi. Simplest typeii. Integrating center has one synapse in integrating center f. Polysynaptic: sensory comes in, synapses w/ interneuron which synapses w/ motor neurong. Somatic reflex = skeletal muscleh. Autonomic reflex = smooth, cardiac, gland muscleSensory Receptors in MuscleIII. Muscle Spindlea. Senses muscle length (how much is stretching)b. Muscles attached to spindle stretchc. Neurons “report” stretch to CNSd. Muscles contract (reflex) to resist further stretchinge. Intrafusal fibers-sensory neurons attached to central, and gamma motor neurons attached to endsi. Keep intrafusal taught ii. Alpha motor neuron - extrafusal iii. Gamma motor neurons – intrafusal f. EXAMPLE: Patellar Stretch Reflexi. Stretching stimulates sensory receptorii. Sensory neuron is exited, to spinal cord1. Innervates 2 things2. 1 – excitatory reaction which contracts muscle (exciting same muscle that sent the signal)3. 2 – stimulating agonist but also inhibit the antagonist (quads to react, hamstring to inhibit)a. “Inhibitory signal” means no signal in a motor neuronIV. Golgi Tendon Organsa. Sense changes in muscleb. Located close to tendon and muscle attachmentc. Inhibit agonist muscle contraction and excite antagonist muscles to prevent injuryd. Less sensitive to muscle spindlese. Ipsilateral – no cross over f. Increase tension on tendong. GTO’s built into tendon and measure tension, send impulseh. Two interneurons excitedi. 1 – inhibits agonistii. 2 – excites antagonisti. Can become less sensitive w/ trainingV. Types of Sensory Receptorsa. Mechanoreceptors: respond to mechanical forces such as pressure, touch, vibrations, stretchb. Thermoreceptors: respond to temp changesc. Photoreceptors: respond to lightd. Chemoreceptors: respond to chemical stimuli from foods, odors, changes in blood concentrationse. Osmoreceptors: respond to changes in osmotic pressure of body


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UNC-Chapel Hill EXSS 276 - Reflexes

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