Reli 180 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Terms for the QuizOutline of Current Lecture I. Problems and challengesII. ‘Ālī vs. Abū BakrIII. Fāṭima vs. ʼĀʼishaIV. the Battle of KarbalaV. Multiple Imamate lineagesVI. Sunnī vs. Shī’ī modes of authorityCurrent Lecture• Problems and challenges– Assumption of Sunnism as “mainstream”/”orthodox”– http ://www.islamicweb.com/beliefs/cults/shia_population.htm– Shi’ism as “offshoot”– Sunnism and Shi’ism as reified, crystallized identity markers from day one– Imagined absolute, unchanging boundaries‘Ālī vs. Abū Bakr• Who was the first male convert?• Muḥammad’s proclamation at Ghadir Khumm– “Whoever has me for a master, ‘Alī is his master”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Abū Bakr as prayer leader during Prophet’s final illness• Abū Bakr to Fāṭima: “prophets leave no inheritance”Fāṭima vs. ʼĀʼisha• Fāṭima: declared leader of the women of paradise by Muḥammad, continuer of his bloodline, first to join him in paradise– “Fāṭima is a part of me, and whoever hurts her has hurt me”• ‘Ā’isha: “Mother of the Believers,” prolific teacher of ḥadīth (sayings and actions of Muḥammad), jurist consulted for legal opinions– Medieval scholars: “25% of the sharī’a” derived from her teachingsthe Battle of Karbala• Yazid ibn Mu’awiya ascends to caliphate• Husayn ibn ‘Alī gathers small camp of family and supporters • Heads to city of Kufa, where supporters promise to accept him as caliph– Kufa withdraws its support under pressure• 10 Muharram, 61 AH (680 CE): death of Husayn Multiple Imamate lineages• Ithna Asharī (“Twelvers”)– 12 infallible imams– 12th imam in condition of ghaybat since 940 CE, will return as Mahdi to “fill earth with justice” at end times• Ismā’īlī– Break from Ithna Ash’arī line over disputed succession to 6th imam• Nizaris: recognize Aga Khan as heir to Imamate• Musta’alis• Zaydī– Most common ground with Sunnī jurisprudenceSunnī vs. Shī’ī modes of authority• Preserving Muḥammad’s Sunna– Sunnī tradition• Muḥammad’s Companions granted universal probity as transmitters of histeachings and practices• 3 greatest generations, rightly-guided caliphs– Shī’ī tradition• Not all Companions are trustworthy narrators• Shī’ī Imams held as infallible transmitters and interpreters of Muḥammad’s teachings and
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