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TAMU HIST 106 - America and the Great War part 3
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HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. Descent into warII. Managing the wartime economyIII. Women and minorities: New opportunities, old inequitiesIV. Financing the warV. Social engineeringVI. Suppressing dissentOutline of Current Lecture I. IntroductionII. The war to end all warsIII. The fourteen pointsIV. The Paris peace conferenceCurrent Lecture- Introduction - The war to end all warso Intro/context When the US entered the war, the allies were not looking too good because they had been losing the war for 3 years- It was so bad that French soldiers at one time refused to fight anymore The German submarines were devastating the British and the Russian government had collapsedo The Draf Selective service act of 1917-constriction or involuntary service of the US army - Many people did volunteer and those who volunteered were mainly womeno Basic training…VERY basic Civilians to soldiers and were put into training camps that would get them in shape to fight in the war Many of the people were taught basic things such as personal hygiene and started a huge STD campaign Immigrants were taught English so that they would be able to understand the commands and American history so that they would take more pride in the country they are fighting foro American military services does not equal American equality Racial and ethnic segregation was very apparent Blacks were typically given menial jobs and their most common task was grave diggers There was a black platoon but they were commanded by the French and the US warned the French not to treat the blacks as equals - 369th infantry regiment (Harlem Hellfighters)-the most successful black platoon o For women, either Women were only given non-combat jobs and the women in the navy would get military benefits Women in the army had no military status, not eligible for military benefits and were usually not given credit for their ideaso Into action in France The first American troops landed in France in June of 1917 and had to learn about trench warfare, bayonets, use machine guns, throw grenades, and how to avoid poisonous gas  Full scale intervention by the US began in spring of 1918 into further fighting in Bellowud  Rhimes-the influx of American troops tipped the balance of power for allied victoryo The Russian Front In July, Wilson committed to have US troops intervene in Russia to help them rebuild afer they overthrew their government  Under Lenin, the Bolsheviks signed an armistice with Germany and freed Germantroops for a summer offensive in Franceo The western front The allies were more successful on the western front and launched their own offense  Attacked the Germans and went through waves and waves of poisonous gas- The fourteen pointso Intro/context The armistice was the first step to a final peace  President Wilson came up with the 14 points and this advocated a democratic rural system and how to achieve this o Ulterior motives The Bolsheviks got a hand of the secret treaties of the allies and how the land would be broken up Lenin embarrassed all of the people who were calling for “democracy” (who were fighting for imperialistic gains)o The points 8 of Wilson’s points said to create new nations and shifing old borders Wilson’s 5 points: Freedom of the seize, open diplomacy instead of secret treaties, arms reduction, free trade, and fair settlement of colonial claims (THIS COULD BE ON THE TEST!!!!) Wilson’s 14th and most arguable point was to have a league of nations and carry out this idealo The problems The allies had really never accepted Wilson’s 14 points Wilson wanted a treaty that would promote expansion but realized that the allieswanted to get everything out of Germany that they couldo Wilson FAIL Wilson did go to the peace conference in Paris even though no other president had gone to Europe while in office Wilson wanted voters to vote democratic to help promote his peace plan and theAmericans were not happy with the democratic people and voted republicans to have control over the senate and the house Failed to name any republicans to help him in the Paris peace treaty and becauseof this, the republicans felt no responsibility to approve this treaty- The Paris peace conferenceo Intro/context Opened on January 18, 1918 and consisted of all of the high representatives fromthe allied countries The central powers (the losers) and Bolshevik Russia were not invited and this was obviously a one-sided treatyo The treaty of Versailles The allies demanded compensation and security and Wilson would not be able toachieve goals due to this conference June 28, 1919-Germany signed the peace treaty and this was much harsher than Wilson or anyone else had expected it to be- Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war, Germany was required to pay HUGE war reparations to the allies, give up land to allies, give up its colonies that it had around the world, limit its army and navy to small defense forces, destroy all military bases, and not make/manufacture/buy arms or ammunition (PROBABLY ALSO GOING TO BE ON THE TEST)o Hypocrisy and the White guys redrawing the globe France, Italy, Romania and Japan all annexed territory against the wishing of the people who did not want it  Germany was put under Polish control and under Czech control - Austria was not allowed to pair up with Germany o Spanking Russians The allied leaders endorsed all of these changes because all of the new leaders were anti-Communists  Communist movements in early Germany in 1919 and the allies hoped to isolate and weaken Bolshevik Germany Wilson and the other leaders agreed to provide aid to get rid of communism in Germany Wilson hoped to restore peace in the world by creating the League of Nationso The league of nations The covenant was built into its treaty and its crucial feature (article X) was to guarantee all of the nations its own


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TAMU HIST 106 - America and the Great War part 3

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 4
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