FW104 1nd Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture Outline of Current Lecture I. Wildlife Management HistoryA. Prehistoric People and WildlifeB. Historic People and WildlifeC. History of People and Wildlife in US1. Marketing Era or Era of Exploitation (1830 -1899)2. Preservation Era (1900-1929)3. Era of Game Management or “Conservation Era” (1930 – 1965)4. Environmental Era (1966-1984) 5. Present Era (1990 - ...)Current LectureI . Wildlife Management History A. Prehistoric People and Wildlife - Human and wildlife relationships: food is gathered by hunting and gathering- Some of the animals that existed mammoth, mastodon, camelop, and ground sloth- Human may have had a role in Pleistocene extinctions possibly by climate change as a major factor, disease, over hunting, etc - Pleistocene Overkill Hypothesis B. Historic People and Wilidlife - hunter-gathering was a major trend, called AgrariansThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Major trend continued, like animal domestication which caused overgrazing, wild stock undesirable, predators are persecuted- growing human population- By 1500 AD, humans occupied all major ecosystems in North AmericaC. History of People and Wildlife in US - Different cultures- Native Americans fish and wildlife were the basis of life, respected nature, spiritual view and human-wildlife relationship were more closely tied together. - Different cultures continued – Spanish, French, English- Dominion, fear, exploitation and use- Tragedy of the Commons – Depletion of shared resource by individuals acting independently according to each ones’s self interest despite the reality that deplrying the common resource is contrary to the groups long-term interest- wildlife initially were abundant1. Marketing Era or Era of Exploitation (1830 -1899)- New Americans – duty to tame - “Myth of Superabudnace”Ex: Robin (1 market hunter sold 120,000 to hotels and restaurants), Shorebirds, Water Fowl (punt guns which lead equaled 10 modern shotgun shells), Trumpeter Swans  most plumes were for hats, Passenger pigeons (life history- gregarious, large flock, 1 egg per clutch, mast...were in demand, railroads, telegraphs, forest habitat – mast), Carolina Parakeet (Native to US, habitat, hunting, gone by 1870)2. Preservation Era (1900-1929)- Legal protections- National Park Service – 1916- John Miur – conservation view – Sierra club- First National Wildlife Refuge in Florida- Theodore Roosevelt – “Conservation President”, established first forest preserves, appointed Gifford Pinchot as 1st Chief of US Dorest in 1905 and Gifford proposed 1st sustainable use of forests. 3. Era of Game Management or “Conservation Era” (1930 – 1965)- Game Management by Aldo Leopold in 1933 and “Founder of American Wildlife Management”- Great Depression, drought years and Dust Bowl in the 1930s. - Civilian Conservation Corp – planted 3 billion tress, mproved parks, and predator elimination - Franklin Roosevelt brought Ding Darling to Washington to head the Biological Survey (USFWS)- Soil Concervation service (NRCS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), The Wildlife Society (Game spp emphasis)- Rachel Carson – Marine Biologist, impeccable science that was effectively communicated, bioaccumulation vs. biomagnificationBioaccumulation – the increase in concentration of a substance(s) in an organism or a part of that organismBiomagnification – the increase in concentration of a substance in a food chain, not an organism (bioamplification)4. Environmental Era (1966-1984) - Silent Spring (1959) by Rachael Carson – devastating effects of DDT, a chemical- Environmentalists- Endangered Species Act of 1973- National Environmental Policy Act of (1970)5. Present Era (1990 - ...)- Conservation Biology- Biodiversity- Animal Rights- Ecosystem Management- Human