HIST 106 Lecture 6 Outline of Previous Lecture- A Crisis in Farming- Ocala Meeting Demands- Omaha Platform- William Jennings BryanOutline of Current Lecture- Key Questions over Citizenship and Race- Segregationo William Frank Fonvielleo Plessy v. Ferguson o Lynching and It’s Victimso Disfranchisement of African Americanso Jim Crow Arrives in the South - Assimilation into American Cultureo Allotmento NativismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o New Immigrantso Legacies of White SupremacyCurrent Lecture-Key Questions over citizenship and race-Who gets to be a full citizen and who gets left out?-What methods do many "white" Americans employ to maintain power and privilege?-Why do so many Americans accept this racial agenda?-Segregation -William Frank FonvielleoCollege student, editor of newspaper and planned to travel the South and report on black lifeoMostly investigated racial segregation, saw Jim Crow laws mostly in deep south,these laws were not very widespread yet-Had to be imposed on the South, it was taking something away from blacks in the south -Rigid segregation was gradual, not instant. Started in deep south and moved north-Began as de facto and became de jure from 1890-1915 throughout the country -During slavery, segregation did not exist. Slaves and whites worked and lived side by side -Fusion government with black republicans and white populist -White democrats took back government by creating fear and then acting as protection oEx. Wilmington, NC, Fusion government took over then Democrat mod murdered AA and took over town (Wilmington race riot) -Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)oPlessy challenged segregationoSupreme court decided 'separate but equal"-Lynching and its VictimsoAlexander Manly -1898, Manly published an editorial that was a response to a speech by Fulton.-Fulton said that black men should be lynched to protect white women-Manly said most of the allegations were false and attacked her stance -Not well received -Led to Wilmington race riotoDone mostly to African Americans but also some whites oBy 1890's lynching was widespread and was a political message for white supremacyoRaping a white woman was often a charged used to cause a lynch-Could be looking at a white woman wrong or bumping into her -Disfranchisement of African Americans oBeginning in 1889, states started using methods to keep blacks from voting oPoll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were used with loopholes for whites to still be able to vote oWilliams v. Mississippi (1898)-Upheld poll taxes and other disfranchisement tactics-Jim Crow arrives in the South oTransition from de facto segregation to de jure segregation oWhite southerners impose white supremacy-Racist propaganda to stir up fear -Race riots -Lynching oWhite southerners disfranchise black voters -Literacy tests-Grandfather clauses -Poll tax (cumulative)-All-white democratic primary-Assimilation into American Culture -Allotment oDawes Act (1887)-What created reservations for Native Americans and promoted assimilation into American "civilized" cultureoHad to accept allotment to become a citizen oTook away 2/3 of Native American land and used it for white settlers (90 millionacres) oBanned Native American religion, language, and other ceremonies -NativismoCalifornia-Chinese were seen as economic competition by white workers oChinese Exclusion Act (1882)-No Chinese labors could legally enter the United States for 10 years -Also made it very difficult for non-laborers -Federal government did not allow state and local courts to grant citizenship to Chinese -Made permanent in 1902 -Prevented immigration of Chinese for over 60 years-New Immigrants oOld Immigrants -Came from north and western Europe (Germany, England, Netherlands)oNew Immigrants-Came from south and eastern Europe(Russia and Italy)Many Russian Jews and Italian Catholics -American Protective Association Oppressed new immigrants by not employing and speakingagainst them oStrategies Used Against New Immigrants -RestrictionCould not go certain places like schools, resorts, and -DiscriminationWould not be hired by many employers -Assimilation and AmericanizationTaught racial hierarchy, extension of social Darwinism Scientific Racism and Eugenics -Idea that you could improve society by selective reproduction -Led to banning of interracial marriage and sterilization of people deemed not worthy to reproduce-Did not lose steam until Nazis used it in the 1930's-Legacies of White SupremacyoExclusion - Jim Crow in the South, immigration restrictionsoAssimilation - "Americanization" of new European immigrants and Native Americans oImperialism - aggressive foreign policy towards darker skinned