HIST 106 Lecture 6 Outline of Previous Lecture A Crisis in Farming Ocala Meeting Demands Omaha Platform William Jennings Bryan Outline of Current Lecture Key Questions over Citizenship and Race Segregation o William Frank Fonvielle o Plessy v Ferguson o Lynching and It s Victims o Disfranchisement of African Americans o Jim Crow Arrives in the South Assimilation into American Culture o Allotment o Nativism These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o New Immigrants o Legacies of White Supremacy Current Lecture Key Questions over citizenship and race Who gets to be a full citizen and who gets left out What methods do many white Americans employ to maintain power and privilege Why do so many Americans accept this racial agenda Segregation William Frank Fonvielle o College student editor of newspaper and planned to travel the South and report on black life o Mostly investigated racial segregation saw Jim Crow laws mostly in deep south these laws were not very widespread yet Had to be imposed on the South it was taking something away from blacks in the south Rigid segregation was gradual not instant Started in deep south and moved north Began as de facto and became de jure from 1890 1915 throughout the country During slavery segregation did not exist Slaves and whites worked and lived side by side Fusion government with black republicans and white populist White democrats took back government by creating fear and then acting as protection o Ex Wilmington NC Fusion government took over then Democrat mod murdered AA and took over town Wilmington race riot Plessy v Ferguson 1896 o Plessy challenged segregation o Supreme court decided separate but equal Lynching and its Victims o Alexander Manly 1898 Manly published an editorial that was a response to a speech by Fulton Fulton said that black men should be lynched to protect white women Manly said most of the allegations were false and attacked her stance Not well received Led to Wilmington race riot o Done mostly to African Americans but also some whites o By 1890 s lynching was widespread and was a political message for white supremacy o Raping a white woman was often a charged used to cause a lynch Could be looking at a white woman wrong or bumping into her Disfranchisement of African Americans o Beginning in 1889 states started using methods to keep blacks from voting o Poll taxes literacy tests and grandfather clauses were used with loopholes for whites to still be able to vote o Williams v Mississippi 1898 Upheld poll taxes and other disfranchisement tactics Jim Crow arrives in the South o Transition from de facto segregation to de jure segregation o White southerners impose white supremacy Racist propaganda to stir up fear Race riots Lynching o White southerners disfranchise black voters Literacy tests Grandfather clauses Poll tax cumulative All white democratic primary Assimilation into American Culture Allotment o Dawes Act 1887 What created reservations for Native Americans and promoted assimilation into American civilized culture o Had to accept allotment to become a citizen o Took away 2 3 of Native American land and used it for white settlers 90 million acres o Banned Native American religion language and other ceremonies Nativism o California Chinese were seen as economic competition by white workers o Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 No Chinese labors could legally enter the United States for 10 years Also made it very difficult for non laborers Federal government did not allow state and local courts to grant citizenship to Chinese Made permanent in 1902 Prevented immigration of Chinese for over 60 years New Immigrants o Old Immigrants Came from north and western Europe Germany England Netherlands o New Immigrants Came from south and eastern Europe Russia and Italy Many Russian Jews and Italian Catholics American Protective Association Oppressed new immigrants by not employing and speaking against them o Strategies Used Against New Immigrants Restriction Could not go certain places like schools resorts and Discrimination Would not be hired by many employers Assimilation and Americanization Taught racial hierarchy extension of social Darwinism Scientific Racism and Eugenics Idea that you could improve society by selective reproduction Led to banning of interracial marriage and sterilization of people deemed not worthy to reproduce Did not lose steam until Nazis used it in the 1930 s Legacies of White Supremacy o Exclusion Jim Crow in the South immigration restrictions o Assimilation Americanization of new European immigrants and Native Americans o Imperialism aggressive foreign policy towards darker skinned nations