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TAMU HIST 106 - World War II
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HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ONWHOSE NEW DEAL?• Voices of ProtestHuey LongFrancis TownsendFather Coughlin• From Recovery to Security: The Second New DealEmergency Relief Appropriation ActWorks Progress Administration (WPA)Resettlement AdministrationRural Electrification AdministrationSocial Security Act• Labor’s New Deal• The New Deal in Decline“Court-packing” Plan“Roosevelt Recession”Outline of Current Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ONWORLD WAR II: FROM ISOLATIONIST TO GLOBAL SUPERPOWER• Pearl Harbor• Lead-up to Pearl HarborWorldwide DepressionWorldwide ConflictTotalitarian aggression: Japan, Germany, ItalyAmerican IsolationismArmament and the Four Freedoms• The Uneasy AllianceUnited States, Great Britain, Soviet Union• War in Europe• War in the Pacific• The Advent of Atomic Warfare• Diplomatic Lessons of World War IICurrent Lecture1) Pearl Harbora) Before attack, most Americans agreed we should remain isolationistb) Attack destroys and damages 8 battleship and 300 planes i) Whole of pacific forcec) Didn’t destroy air carriers (out at sea at that point), oil reserves, or repair stationsi) Allowed not completely sunk ships to be repairedd) Japanese wanted to destroy whole US forcei) Bombed bases all throughout pacific oceane) Also attacked British basesf) Congress declares war on Japan 1 day lateri) Had been having secret meetings about how to enter war and the first step was Germany and Italy, not Japan(1) Still not at war with Germany or Italy though(a) Germany and Italy help out by declaring war on US 3 days later2) Lead-up to Pearl Harbora) Worldwide Depressioni) Japan tries to climb out of economic troubles by expanding(1) Seized part of mainland china (Manchuria)(2) Then expand into northern chinaii) In Italy and Germany, Hitler and Mussolini rise to power by pulling on the fears aboutthe depression(1) Mussolini takes over Italy in 1922, prior to great depression, but Italy is still a mess(a) Comes into power legally(b) Italy invades Ethiopia (2) Hitler claims power in 1933(a) In 1934, Nazis start planning for war by defying treaty of Versailles and expanding their army(b) Then used that army to expand German territory(c) Seized Czechoslovakia and Austria in 1938(d) Introduces “blitzkrieg” or lightening war and destroys opposition in Poland(3) Nazi- Soviet Non-Aggression Pact(a) Nazi and Russia agree to not attack each other in public(i) In private, Russia would get Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania if they didn’t join the allied powers b) Worldwide Conflicti) Totalitarian aggression: Japan, Germany, Italyc) American Isolationismi) Nye committee(1) Blames weapon manufacturers for getting US into WW1ii) College students oppose war, because they knew they would be the ones draftediii) America First Committee(1) Chapters nationwide promoting isolationism iv) Gallup Polls(1) 77% of Americans still against war in 1940v) Cash and Carry Plan(1) US could provide materials to countries in Europe as long as the country paid upfront in cash and got supplies over to Europe on their ownvi) Selective Service and Training Act of 1940(1) First peacetime draft in US History(2) Required all men within certain ages to sign up for 1 year of active duty and 10 ofnational reservesvii) 1940 FDR runs for 3rd term(1) Ran against Wendell Willkie(a) Attacked FDR for getting US into war, but US actually wasn’t in war(2) FDR promises boys will not die in “foreign war”(3) After elected, FDR steps up preparation for warviii)Lend Lease Act(1) Countries no longer have to abide to cash and carry law(2) US could “loan” supplies without payment upfront and expected repayment afterwar(a) 41 billion dollars loaned outix) FDR’s Shoot on Sight Order- 1941(1) FDR misleads public to believe attack on USS Greer wasn’t provoked(2) From now on, ships can fire on German ships if seend) Armament and the Four Freedomsi) 4 Freedoms everyone in the world should expect(1) Speech and expression(2) Religion(3) Want(4) Fearii) Norman Rockwell is so inspired by these, he creates paintings illustrating them(1) Later used to explain why the US is in the war(2) Also used to encourage war bond buyinge) Atlantic Charter- 1941i) Between US and Britainii) Long slide on Ecampus3) US embargo on oil to Japan and seizure of assetsa) Stops sending oil to Japanb) In revolt of Japan advances into china and the way they were doing soi) Were treating Chinese in terrible ways (cannibalism, rape, setting people on fire, etc)c) Japan wants to take Dutch East Indies to get oild) Then turn sights to Philippines (owned by US) i) Japanese advise against it because they felt they had too much on their plate alreadywithout getting US involved like that4) The Uneasy Alliancea) United States, Great Britain, Soviet Unionb) US and Soviet Union only allies because they are fighting against a common enemyi) Had a very different vision than US on what the world would look like after the war(1) Soviets very worried about national security due to huge loss of life(2) Goal was to create buffer zone between themselves and Germany by controlling eastern European countries at the end of the warc) During war, most Americans blind to the tension between US and USSRi) Time magazine makes Stalin man of the year twiceii) Were told USSR soldiers were friends5) War in Europea) Germany invades Soviet Union in 1941 i) Would decide fate of Nazi Germanyii) When US enters, Russia had hands full with Germanyb) US had to start in Africa and prepare to invade France as there were no other points of accessi) Germany is throwing everything it has at Russia and only leaves 6 military units in western Europe c) Stalin resents US move to Africa because USSR left to fight Germany alone in mainland Europe d) Battle of Stalingradi) 1943- Russia repels Nazisii) Were able to cut off and capture Germans inside city(1) Germany loses entire 6th company(2) Bloodiest battle in human historye) USSR defeats 80% of Hitler’s forces without any help from USf) Italy surrenders as soon as US makes land fall in Italy6) Meeting of “The Big Three” at Tehran-1943a) Soviets promise to attack Japan once they defeat Hitlerb) Couldn’t agree on what would happen to Polandc) USSR wanted buffer zoned) Didn’t want to attack up through Italy because it would be slow due to mountains7) D-Day June 6, 1944a) From England into Franceb) Normandy beaches in France landed on8) Battle of


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TAMU HIST 106 - World War II

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