HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ON WHOSE NEW DEAL Voices of Protest Huey Long Francis Townsend Father Coughlin From Recovery to Security The Second New Deal Emergency Relief Appropriation Act Works Progress Administration WPA Resettlement Administration Rural Electrification Administration Social Security Act Labor s New Deal The New Deal in Decline Court packing Plan Roosevelt Recession Outline of Current Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ON WORLD WAR II FROM ISOLATIONIST TO GLOBAL SUPERPOWER Pearl Harbor Lead up to Pearl Harbor Worldwide Depression Worldwide Conflict Totalitarian aggression Japan Germany Italy American Isolationism Armament and the Four Freedoms The Uneasy Alliance United States Great Britain Soviet Union War in Europe War in the Pacific The Advent of Atomic Warfare Diplomatic Lessons of World War II Current Lecture 1 Pearl Harbor a Before attack most Americans agreed we should remain isolationist b Attack destroys and damages 8 battleship and 300 planes i Whole of pacific force c Didn t destroy air carriers out at sea at that point oil reserves or repair stations i Allowed not completely sunk ships to be repaired d Japanese wanted to destroy whole US force i Bombed bases all throughout pacific ocean e Also attacked British bases f Congress declares war on Japan 1 day later i Had been having secret meetings about how to enter war and the first step was Germany and Italy not Japan 1 Still not at war with Germany or Italy though a Germany and Italy help out by declaring war on US 3 days later 2 Lead up to Pearl Harbor a Worldwide Depression i Japan tries to climb out of economic troubles by expanding 1 Seized part of mainland china Manchuria 2 Then expand into northern china ii In Italy and Germany Hitler and Mussolini rise to power by pulling on the fears about the depression 1 Mussolini takes over Italy in 1922 prior to great depression but Italy is still a mess a Comes into power legally b Italy invades Ethiopia 2 Hitler claims power in 1933 a In 1934 Nazis start planning for war by defying treaty of Versailles and expanding their army b Then used that army to expand German territory c Seized Czechoslovakia and Austria in 1938 d Introduces blitzkrieg or lightening war and destroys opposition in Poland 3 Nazi Soviet Non Aggression Pact a Nazi and Russia agree to not attack each other in public i In private Russia would get Estonia Latvia and Lithuania if they didn t join the allied powers b Worldwide Conflict i Totalitarian aggression Japan Germany Italy c American Isolationism i Nye committee 1 Blames weapon manufacturers for getting US into WW1 ii College students oppose war because they knew they would be the ones drafted iii America First Committee 1 Chapters nationwide promoting isolationism iv Gallup Polls 1 77 of Americans still against war in 1940 v Cash and Carry Plan 1 US could provide materials to countries in Europe as long as the country paid upfront in cash and got supplies over to Europe on their own vi Selective Service and Training Act of 1940 1 First peacetime draft in US History 2 Required all men within certain ages to sign up for 1 year of active duty and 10 of national reserves vii 1940 FDR runs for 3rd term 1 Ran against Wendell Willkie a Attacked FDR for getting US into war but US actually wasn t in war 2 FDR promises boys will not die in foreign war 3 After elected FDR steps up preparation for war viii Lend Lease Act 1 Countries no longer have to abide to cash and carry law 2 US could loan supplies without payment upfront and expected repayment after war a 41 billion dollars loaned out ix FDR s Shoot on Sight Order 1941 1 FDR misleads public to believe attack on USS Greer wasn t provoked 2 From now on ships can fire on German ships if seen d Armament and the Four Freedoms i 4 Freedoms everyone in the world should expect 1 Speech and expression 2 Religion 3 Want 4 Fear ii Norman Rockwell is so inspired by these he creates paintings illustrating them 1 Later used to explain why the US is in the war 2 Also used to encourage war bond buying e Atlantic Charter 1941 i Between US and Britain ii Long slide on Ecampus 3 US embargo on oil to Japan and seizure of assets a Stops sending oil to Japan b In revolt of Japan advances into china and the way they were doing so 4 5 6 7 8 i Were treating Chinese in terrible ways cannibalism rape setting people on fire etc c Japan wants to take Dutch East Indies to get oil d Then turn sights to Philippines owned by US i Japanese advise against it because they felt they had too much on their plate already without getting US involved like that The Uneasy Alliance a United States Great Britain Soviet Union b US and Soviet Union only allies because they are fighting against a common enemy i Had a very different vision than US on what the world would look like after the war 1 Soviets very worried about national security due to huge loss of life 2 Goal was to create buffer zone between themselves and Germany by controlling eastern European countries at the end of the war c During war most Americans blind to the tension between US and USSR i Time magazine makes Stalin man of the year twice ii Were told USSR soldiers were friends War in Europe a Germany invades Soviet Union in 1941 i Would decide fate of Nazi Germany ii When US enters Russia had hands full with Germany b US had to start in Africa and prepare to invade France as there were no other points of access i Germany is throwing everything it has at Russia and only leaves 6 military units in western Europe c Stalin resents US move to Africa because USSR left to fight Germany alone in mainland Europe d Battle of Stalingrad i 1943 Russia repels Nazis ii Were able to cut off and capture Germans inside city 1 Germany loses entire 6th company 2 Bloodiest battle in human history e USSR defeats 80 of Hitler s forces without any help from US f Italy surrenders as soon as US makes land fall in Italy Meeting of The Big Three at Tehran 1943 a Soviets promise to attack Japan once they defeat Hitler b Couldn t agree on what would happen to Poland c USSR wanted buffer zone d Didn t want to attack up through Italy because it would be slow due to mountains D Day June 6 1944 a From England into France b Normandy beaches in France landed on Battle of Berlin a Soviets capture Berlin b May 7th 1945 Germany surrenders i FDR dies from stroke 3 weeks before end of war 1 Had won 4th term beforehand though Harriet Truman takes