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TAMU THAR 281 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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THAR 281 1st EditionExam 2 Study Guide: Lectures 11-19Lecture 11 – The 18th century What is some general background on the 18th century?The Enlightenment is happening (knowledge and philosophy are on people’s mind)Age of Colonization moves to a global scale; big surge in the middle classWho was Denis Diderot?French philosopher famous for his encyclopedia (1772)In his work “The Paradox of Acting” he wanted actors to deeply emerge into their parts Has influence on realism; Fourth Wall (performers unaware of audience)Created Drama Bourgeois (bout/for the middle class; sets morals; mixes comedy and tragedyWhat was middle class tragedy like?No longer about the upper classMorality is often a themeLean toward sentimentality and melodramaWhat was sentimental comedy like?Like Restoration Comedy except it is less amoral (amoral = no morals at all)Reaffirms middle class valuesLaughing Comedy- set boundary for satire in Restoration and sweetness in Sentimental Ex: “She Stoops to Conquer” by Oliver Goldsmith Who was Richard Brinsley Sheridan?Sentimental comedy playwright, politician, and theater directorMost famous playwright of late 18th centuryFamous Works: “The Rivals” and “The School for Scandal”Name of characters gives off idea of how their personalities are What was ballad opera?Parody of Italian opera done by combining popular songs and dialogue (no recitative)Similar to Opera Comic (French comedy type)Ex: “The Beggars of Opera” by John GayWhat was strum and drang? (“storm and stress”)A rebellion against neoclassical ideals that leads into romanticismEx: “The Robbers” by Schiller and some works of GoetheWho was the emerging director?Complexity in buildings and advancements in technologyChanges cause need for an outside person to unify all aspectsDirector would be the playwright back thenWho was David Garrick?English pre-director who focused on stage positioning of characters, props, etc. Who was Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe?German playwright, theorist, and early pre-directorTrained actors really rigorously (ensemble work and specificity)Established modern rules of etiquette in theaters (ex: applause)Famous Works: “Faust” Lecture 12 – The 19th Century (1800 – 1875) What is the general background of the 19th century? French Revolution (1785) and American Revolution (1775-1783) were influential Nationalism is increasing; industrialization increasingIntellectual community focusing in on man’s/worker’s rights (Marx and Darwin)Prominent Forms of Theater: Romanticism, Melodrama, The Well-Made PlayWhat was romanticism?Like Strum and Drang theater (don’t follow neoclassical rules)Favors mood/quality over plot and characterIndividuality and freedom are most valuedWhat is melodrama?It is music drama; very dramatic musicVamp = woman who is rather heavy; wears revealing clothes; can’t tell who’s side she is onModern equivalent of melodrama is a soap operaWhat is the well-made play?Structured in an almost mechanical fashion; climatic form; stereotypical charactersWhat was delsarte? Series of gestures and vocalizations that each indicate a particular emotional stateHow did touring work and what were the benefits?Becomes source of revenue with improved transportation network; time efficientBenefits: performers have steady work, larger audience watch, reputation of star performers growsWho were major stars of the time period?Ira Alarrage = could not work in U.S., but was famous elsewhereEdwin Booth = U.S. most famous actor in the 19th century (known for his Hamlet)Sarah Benhart = known for theatric personality on/off stage; most famous actress Eleonora Duse = Italian; tried to disappear into character; much more realistic; shy and reservedWho was Duke of Saxe Meningen?Was a pre-director who insisted on historical accuracy in clothes Crafted intricate/crowded scenes on stageWho was Wilhelm Richard Wagner?Composer and director of operas; argued for a total theaterControversial politics and theories at the time Famous Works:“The Flying Dutchman”; “Tristan and Isolde”; “The Ring Cycle” What was the grand opera?Lavish sets and costumes; ornate and extravagant; style declines because too expensiveLarge choruses (30-50 people); included ballet; a place to see and be seen Who was Guiseppe Verdi?Identified with Romanticism; writing becomes complex; characters become multidimensionalHis music is highly influential to other musical formsFamous works: “Aida”; “Le Treviota”; “Rigoletto”Lecture 13 – RealismWhat is the general background on realism?Industrial Revolution is in full swing Trend against norms continued; now people question why they should rebel against normsMovement toward authenticity; development of psychological analysis Focuses on everyday life issues and peopleDeals with socially sensitive topics; usually censored What is naturalism?An extreme form of realism; everything should be literalBelieved drama should edit nothing; most of the time it’s about the lower classesWho was Henrik Ibsen?Founder of modern realism; theme in his works: the destructive power of society on the individualFamous Works: “Hedda Gabler”; “A Doll’s House”; “An Enemy of the People”What was A Doll’s House about?A woman who leaves her husband; realizes she is unhappy in her marriage because; slams the doorDoor slam represented the uprising of realism (caused uproar)Who was Hedda Gabler?Old love comes back into her life after she gets marriedShe feels stuck in the middle and eventually commits suicide; example of moral relativismWho was Anton Chekhov?Uses comedy as tool in defining tragedyMost of his works are about provincial ordinary peopleWorks take place in “small house outside the country” type of settingFamous Works: “The Seagull”; “The Three Sisters”; “The Cherry Orchard”; “Uncle Vanya” What was the Moscow Art Theater?Heavily influenced by Duke Sax MeningenUsed an intricate set, historical accuracy, and same actors to create ensembleWho was Konstantin Stanislavski?Co-founder of Moscow Art Theater; approached work as an ensembleDevelops system of acting at Moscow Art Theater; played all 4 of Chekhov’s playsMost famous for technique of acting trainingWhat was Stanislavski’s method?Outlined in the book “An Actor Prepares”Goals were to make onstage behavior look convincingActors play with action/objective; onstage “life” and orchestration; work as an ensembleTechniques:RelaxationConcentration &


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TAMU THAR 281 - Exam 2 Study Guide

Type: Study Guide
Pages: 12
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