COMM 306 1nd Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Exam 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Culture ComponentsII. Culture ElementsIII. Culture OrientationsCurrent LectureAmerican company production fell behind Japanese companies (electronics, cars, ect.)Existing company approaches were limited in scope:- unable to explain all human behavior- unable to explain differences between organizations- belief intangible elements may be guiding force of organizationsOrganizational Culture: derived from anthropology- lens for interpreting organizational reality- emerge from interactions of organizational members- focus: values, attitudes, and beliefs of membersCulture Components: 1) Shared: common way of understanding and interpreting events2) Intangible: formed through interaction of members (idea/concept)3) Affect Behavior: guides actions4) Communication Created: influenced by messages exchanged 5) Historical: emerges and becomes apparent over timeCulture Elements: emerge through creation and enactment1) Values: mission statement2) Symbolic: logo3) Roles: identityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4) Interactive: interactions5) Context: foundation, evolution, futureValues: common beliefs and priorities of members- sense of identity to members- strategies, goals, principles, and qualities considered ideal- visible in actions of membersSymbolic Elements: representative of organization’s most important aspects- symbols: tangible representation of culture and organization- stories: narratives shared amongst members- language/nonverbal: vocabulary and appearance- metaphors: comparison of organization to something similarRole Elements: types of organizational members- heroes: respected by a large number of people in an organization- embody organizational values- words exemplify and reinforce core values- considered living logos- outlaws: antithesis of organizational values but are still respected - embody counterculture but still useful to organization - refuse to conform and are applauded for itInteractive Elements: observed interplay of members and organizations- rituals: form of acting out values- formal or informal events that occur frequently- informal rules: learned preferred, permitted, required, or prohibited behavior - verbal, written, or electronicContext Elements: shaping culture by time and place- history: formation, founders, and evolution of organization- reveals continuing influence of founders and changes- embedded in tales of members- place: environment where organization exists- organization connected to immediate locationCulture Orientations:1) Object: culture is variable and is something organization “has”- excellent and strong cultures can be introduced2) Becoming: representation of what an organization “is”- root metaphor built up by communication3) Grounded-in-Action: mutual constitution of communication and culture - present practices shaped by past