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ECU RELI 1000 - Different Religions

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RELI 1000 Lecture 6 Current Lecture• Expressions of the Sacred / the Divine– The sacred is expressed in a variety of ways: – Animism, Polytheism, Dualism, Pantheism, Monism, Monotheism Panentheism etc• Animism– The belief in the existence of souls/ spirits – Edward Tylor.– Spirits are associated with the sun, the sky, the earth, the waters, plants and animals. E.g – Prehistoric humans & Indigenous religions described as animistic• Neanderthals & Cro Magnon (dating 100,000 – 50,000) practiced bear cult - reveredcave bears.• Undamaged heads of cave bears were found on altar-like stone chest in the caves they inhabited- early sanctuaries &shrines? • Caves were adorned with weapons and pictures of game animals.• Evidence of magical practices• Polytheism– Worship of many gods. E.g • Common amongst Neolithic humans (dates between 7000-3000). • Mainly agriculturalist s and also worshipped the sun, the sky and the earth. – Indigenous religions – (African, Native American, Australian Aboriginals, Greek, Egyptian, Early Indo-European groups etc).• Hinduism• Polytheism: Attributes of gods– Sky God / High God:• Often the Supreme God. • Creator God, dwells in the sky, fertilizes the world, gives life giving rain – Earth goddess:• Considered “the Great Goddess,” “the Great Mother”• She is associated with the earth, and life giving fertility• Evidence of her worship in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greek .• The Sky God and the earth Goddess often viewed as complementary cosmic forces represent cosmic fertility necessary for health and harmony in the universe.• Other Examples– Greek religion• Zeus- Sky God, is sky itself• Ruler, the father, the head of Greek pantheon of gods, • Associated with rain, hurls, lightening, and thunderbolts• He is the god of agriculture, hearth and household, city –state and of purification. • Demeter – "Earth-Mother"– Egyptian Religion:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Isis - Most important Egyptian goddess.- She was revered as the “divine mother” and is often depicted as nursing her son Horus- symbolic of Motherhood. – In Mesopotamiao Goddess Ishtar – Syria o Goddess Astarte • Isis • Isis was worshiped throughout the Greco-Roman world. • Goddess Ishtar- Mesopotamia • Goddess Demeter• Demeter is the goddess of the harvest, who presided over grains and the fertility of the earth• Venus of Laussel was discovered in a rock shelter in the Dordogne in France• Hinduism • The sacred, is Brahman, the eternal spirit (soul) that pervades everything including humans.◦ Brahman in humans is Atman◦ Brahman manifests as three Hindu gods: ◦ Brahma – God the creator◦ Vishnu – God the preserver◦ Shiva – God the destroyer◦ These Gods have consorts:◦ Uma- wife of Siva ◦ Parvat – consort of Siva◦ Kali & Durga- goddess expression of terror destruction• Brahma – Brahma is the senior member of the triad of great gods, which also includes Vishnu and Shiva. – The creator of the universe.– Brahma felt alone, & inadequate, longed for company. – He split himself & created the goddess Shatarupa, then everything else• Lord Siva– One member of the Holy Trinity of Hinduism.– Often depicted as the destroyer.– Appear as a naked ascetic accompanied by demons, encircled with serpents and necklaces of skulls. • Vishnu – Vishnu is the preserver of the universe.– Constantly participates in worldly affairs to ensure that all is well.– When order prevails in the universe, Vishnu sleeps– When there is disorder, Vishnu either mounts his vehicle, Garuda, & battles with the forces of chaos, or he sends one of his Avatars (or incarnations) to save the


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ECU RELI 1000 - Different Religions

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