COMM 101 Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. PerceptionII. Stages of Perceptiona. Selectionb. Organizationc. InterpretationIII. Object Characteristics that Affect Perceptiona. Intensityb. Repetition and Patternc. Changes of Repetition and PatternIV. Perceiver Characteristics that Affect Perceptiona. Point of Viewb. Present Needs and Purposesc. ExpectationsV. Communication Issues Associated with Perceptiona. Self-Concept and Self-Esteemi. Self-Conceptii. Self-Esteemb. Impression Formationi. Primacy Effectii. Recency EffectOutline of Current Lecture I. The Digital Nature of LanguageA. Language Relies on Shared Meaningi. Symbolsii. Rules for Using Symbols1. Syntactic2. Semantica. Denotationb. Connotation 3. PragmaticB. Relatively PreciseC. Allows the Expression of Abstract IdeasD. Self-ReflexiveThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Language and Thoughta. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesisb. Language Problemsi. Abstract Languageii. Inferencesiii. Dichotomiesiv. Euphemismsv. Equivocal LanguageIII. Learning Languagea. Behaviorismb. Linguistics/PsycholinguisticsCurrent LectureI. The Digital Nature of LanguageA. Language Relies on Shared Meaning: Language code is arbitrary, meaning there is no direct connection between language and its meaningi. Symbols: stand for something else, ie: lettersii. Rules for Using Symbols1. Syntactic: the order in which symbols are coded2. Semantic: meaning of symbolsa. Denotation: official, dictionary meaningb. Connotation: personal meaning3. Pragmatic: how we use language to accomplish goalsB. Relatively Precise: you can use language to refer to very specific things, describe things in great detailsC. Allows the Expression of Abstract Ideas: such as philosophy, political science, justice, love, democracyD. Self-Reflexive: you can use language to talk about language (metacommunication)II. Language and Thoughta. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: the world is perceived differently by members of different communities and this perceptions is transmitted and sustained through languageb. Language Problemsi. Abstract Language: language can be vague, non-specificie: “let’s do it later”ii. Inferences: meaning of language can be inferred incorrectlyiii. Dichotomies: language is often used to describe extreme endpoints butnot nuancesie: love and hateiv. Euphemisms: can be used to soften languageie: “part ways” vs. “fired”v. Equivocal Language: words can have multiple correct meaningsIII. Learning Languagea. Behaviorism: focuses on overt behavior, believes infants are conditioned to use languageb. Linguistics/Psycholinguistics: believe that linguistic abilities are