HPE 464 Administration Of Athletics Sport Management Overview of Management Sport Management Sport Defined That which amuses diversion outdoor game or recreation of athletic nature Competitive activity utilizing specialized equipment and facilities with unique dimensions of time and space Sport Management Management Defined the achievement of predetermined objectives working through others employees optimally utilizing human resources to achieve predetermined goals and objectives in the most efficient and effective way possible The Nature of Management In order for management as a function to exist three conditions must exist Formal Organization Clearly Defined Purpose Hierarchical Structure Functions of Management Planning Taylor said the main job of managers is planning and that of workers is doing Setting goals and objectives in behavioral or objective terms and then developing a method of achieving them Examples of planning Set Organizational Goals Prepare Budgets Schedule Work Forecast Demand Research Functions of Management Organizing Create efficiency of effort through people to reach objectives Examples of Organizing Coordinate Resources Staff Open Positions Develop Job Descriptions Delegate Work Formalize Communications Functions of Management Implementing Putting the plans into action Also called Executing Actuating Directing Examples of Implementing Provide leadership Direct Efforts Execute Plans and Programs Reward Performance Expedite work in progress Functions of Management Controlling Is the performance on schedule according to the plan Control programs have these three steps Establish a standard plan Appraise conformance to the standard inspection Take corrective or remedial action when the standard is exceeded Pioneers of Management Individuals who through their contributions began the modern management movement in the United States in the early 1900 s and had lasting influence on the practice of management today F W Taylor 1856 1915 Father of Scientific Management Division of Labor Differential Piece Rate Incentive Pioneers of Management F W Taylor Continued Time and motion expert studies to develop uniform standards of work Increase Physical Output Decrease Production Costs Lessen Employee Fatigue Increase Wages through Increased Profits Pioneers of Management Henri Fayol 1841 1925 Defined Fourteen Universal Principles of Management Division of Work This means specialization The object of division of work is to produce more and better work with the same effort Authority and Responsibility Authority is the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience Responsibility is a corollary of authority Authority is not to be conceived separately from responsibility Pioneers of Management Discipline Unity of Command This is essentially obedience application energy behavior and outward marks of respect The best means of establishing and maintaining discipline good superior supervisors or managers at all levels agreements as clear and fair as possible and penalties judiciously applied An employee should receive orders from one superior only Dual commands are a constant source of conflict Unity of Direction All effort of everyone in the organization should be focused on the same objective Pioneers of Management Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest Remuneration of Personnel The interest of one employee or group of employees must not prevail over the interest of the concern as a whole The price of service rendered time rate job rates or piece rates All rewarding of effort remuneration should be fair and reasonable Centralization The individual industry should find the optimum degree of centralization or decentralization Increasing the importance of the subordinates role is to decentralize to reduce it is to centralize Scalar Chain Fayol treats the line of authority as links in a chain Here he suggested a bridge between two levels of subordinates allowing them to communicate known as Fayol s gang plank Order Social order there must be an appointed place for every employee and every employee be in his appointed place Equity Fairness that results from a combination of kindness and justice that leads to loyalty Stability of Tenure of Personnel Instability of tenure is both a cause and effect of bad management Successful firms have stability of personnel Pioneers of Management Initiative The power of thinking out and executing plans and ideas is initiative A superior manager allows subordinates to do this It brings great satisfaction to employees and is a source of strength for business Esprit de Corps There is strength in unity and harmony Real management talent is needed to coordinate effort encourage initiative use each person s abilities and reward each employee s merit without causing jealousy or disrupting harmonious relations Pioneers of Management G Elton Mayo Hawthorne Studies conducted at Western Electric s Hawthorne Works near Chicago Hawthorne Effect Every Manager should be concerned with personnel and human relations Marked the beginning of the Human Relations Movement Classifying Mgt Thought Traditional or Scientific Management Production or shop management orientation dedicated to reducing waste and improving efficiency Behavioral Concentrates on personnel and their interpersonal relationships e g motivation group dynamics morale individual needs Uses the social sciences Classifying Mgt Thought Basic Process Quantitative Management Science Functions of a manager are universal planning organizing implementing and controlling Stresses logic and objectivity in making decisions Synergistic Using resources so effectively that over time the value of the end result is greater than the sum of the values of the resources used Current Trend in Mgt Thought Questions Is Management an Art or a Science What is the best approach to take Current Mgt Thought Answers Both The trend in management is to use the approach that best suits the situation and the people involved Situational Eclectic Common Sense Approach