PERCEPTION• OVERVIEW– DEFINITION• PERCEPTION VS. SENSATION– BASIC ISSUES:• 1. HOW ARE SENSORY INPUTS ORGANIZED AND EVALUATED TO FORMPERCEPTIONS?• 2. HOW AND WHY DO PERCEPTIONS BECOME DISTORTED?• 3. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF POOR REALITY TESTING FOR:• MANAGERS• WORK ORGANIZATIONSPERCEPTUAL PROCESSES• BASIC CONCEPTS– COGNITIVE USED TO FILTER, ORGANIZATION AND INTERPRET SENSORYINPUTS• SOME INPUTS ARE BLOCKED COMPLETELY, OTHERS AS DISCOUNTED– LEARNING• PAST EXPERIENCES PLAY A LARGE PART IN FORMING PERCEPTIONS• SITUATION AND PROBLEM SPECIFIC SCHEMASDISTORTION AND REALITY TESTING• PRIMARY SOURCES OF DISTORTION– THOSE TIED TO PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES• SELECTIVE INATTENTION SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION REACTION– PROJECTION– OVER-COMPENSATION– SUBLIMATION– INTELLECTUALIZATION– RATIONALIZATION– THOSE TIED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES• Ego Defense Mechanism• Regression• Reaction Formation• Projection• Over-Compensation• Sublimation• Intellectualization• RationalizationIMPLICATIONS OF DISTORTIONS• FOR MANAGERS:– DISTORTIONS INVOLVING: WORK GROUP MORALE, MANAGERIAL STYLE,PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS AND SUBORDINATE SATISFACTIONFOR WORKORGANIZATIONSPERCEIVED COMMITMENT TO THE ORGANIZATION• PERCEPTIONS OF LEADERSHIP ABILITY• NOTIONS ABOUT REWARD SYSTEMS• DEGREE OF ACCEPTANCE OF THE DOMINANT LOGIC• For Work Organizations• Buffering & Filtering Affect• Perceived commitment to the organization• Perception of leadership ability• Notions about reward systems• Degree of acceptance of Dominant