BIO-L104 1nd Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Guest Lecture with Mike KempfOutline of Current Lecture II. Guest Lecture with Alexander Radnovich a. SchizophreniaCurrent LectureAlexander Radnovich: Psychiatrist, PhD in Medical NeurobiologySchizophrenia etymologically translates to “split mind”, does not refer to multiple personalitiesCharacterized by psychosis- Abnormal condition of the mind and a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as a different reality. DSM 5 Characterizes Schizophrenia with 5 symptoms, you do not have to exhibit all but at least 2 of the 5 and 1 of the first 3. - Delusions – false beliefs about reality- Hallucinations – false perceptions, auditory is the most common o Formication – typically seen in those abusing drugs, overstimulation of tactile sensation. Hallucination of feeling bugs crawl all over your body. - Disorganized speech- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior - Negative symptomsIf it is not impairing it is not a disorder. Social/occupational dysfunction. Duration: continuous signs of the disturbance for less than 6 months then it is not considered schizophrenia, just a psychotic break.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Strong genetic component, not just anyone can get it you must have the right genes to some extent. Studies on twins, and mother/child cases. There is a higher rate of schizophrenia among those born in late winter and early spring. Rates appear to increase with distance from the equator (could be linked to Vitamin D) Men get the disease earlier, more often and have a worse prognosis. Schizophrenia kills the grey matter in the brain, at the time of diagnosis there is already a significant amount of damage. The loss is primarily of neuronal dendrites, responsible for forming synapses. Brain structure varies by sex. Females are going to have much fuller “branches” than men (dendrites and synapses and neurons)Dopamine Hypothesis: there is a lack of dopamine in the frontal lobes, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, resulting in disorganization of thoughts and feelings. Discovery of antipsychotic – first one developed to be an anesthetic for surgery. Chlorpromazine, 1952. Marketed under the name Thorazine in 1954. (Take note on the advertisements, especially then but continue today, and the poor light they shine on those with mental illness and schizophrenia, stigma)Typical Antipsychotics- High potency: strong D2 Blockers- Low potency: less D2 blockers, anticholinergico Symptoms do not always respond to D2 blockadeo Tardive Dyskinesia – involuntary body movements, can be brought on by medication but can also be present pre-meds. Atypical – Clozapine, Low D2 but blocked several other receptors including serotonin 2A Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the