GEOG 102 1nd Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. EuropeA. Physical Pattern1. Landforms2. RiversB. ClimateC. Environmental issues1. Pollution 2. Water ConsumptionOutline of Current Lecture II. EuropeD. Human Patterns Over Time3. World War 1 &24. The Cold War5. Democratization E. Population PatternsCurrent Lecture Human Patterns Over Time- Sources of European Culture- Southwest Central Asia: agriculture and animal husbandry- North Africa: Mining, metal-working, and matho Innovations encourages trade in Europe- Greece and Romeo 1st ancient European civilizationo southern Europeo Science, art, and literature (Greek) Egyptian and southwest Asian sources- Islamic influenceso Dark AgesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Pre-Muslim and Muslim scholars preserved learning from Rome and Greeceo Ottoman Empire Arabs Persians new technology, food crops, architectural principles, and textiles- The inequalities of Feudalismo Medieval period~ Feudalism Defended rural areas against local bandits and raiders Objective: Knights defended serfs who lived and cultivated plots of land for the knights KNIGHTS= NOBILITYUrbanization in Europe- Rural Life ~ Feudal patterns- Europe’s towns and cities- New political and economic institutions - Humanism: dignity and worth of individuals, regardless of wealth and status- Age of Exploration- Europeans explored Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania - 15th- 17th century- in search of new trade routes- European Colonialism- Increased commerce and cultural exchanges- Mercantilism: using colonies to increases country’s power and wealth, managing production, transport, and trade- MERCANTILISM LED TO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION- Urbanization and Democratization- Industrialization- Urbanization- Low living standards- Political pressure- Struggle because democracy extended to working middle class- French Revolution (1789)- 1st inclusion of commoners in politics- short-lived- Global inspiration- The Impact of Communism- New revolutionary political movement- Struggle between social classes- Inspired Russian Revolution and communist state- 2 World Wars- WW1: 20 million deaths- WW2 (1933 – 1945): 70 million deathso German Nazis killed 1.5 million civilianso Holocaust- mass execution- Post WW2o Divided Germany into East and West Germanyo Iron curtain: line between Eastern and Western Europe Physical boundary: fortified border zone Ideological conflict- Cold War- The Cold War- US and Western Europe Allieso Capitalismo Economic system based on the private ownership and production and distribution of goods Profit driven  Competitive marketplace- Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and Central Asia Allieso Communism A state-controlled economy A socialized system of public service Centralized government with indirect citizen participation- Clash of ideology- No direct contact between the US and USSR- Welfare States- Government responsible for well-being of their people- Guaranteed basic necessities (education, employment, healthcare)- Social Protectiono Social democratic Scandinavia Equality Extensive healthcare, education, elderly care, benefits all citizenso Conservative Modest A minimum standard of living for all citizens West Europe Meets needs, not upward mobilityo Rudimentary Citizens do not inherent rights to government sponsored support South Europe and Ireland Relies on womeno Post Communist Central Europe  Collapse of state funding Reduced benefits, longer work lifePopulation Distribution and Urbanization- One of the more densely occupied regions- 525 million Europeans- 492 million within the European Union- Most live in cities- cities are focus of European