HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last LectureI. Protestant ReformationII. Catholic ReformationOutline of Current LectureI. Catholic Reformation (cont’d)a. New religious ordersb. HeritageII. Results of the two reformsCurrent LectureI. Catholic Reformationa. The new religious ordersi. Loyola (1491-1556)- a Spaniard from a noble family1. After being wounded in battle, lived away from society and found his spirituality (through strict religion)2. Created the Jesuit Order (The Society of Jesus) in 1540a. Company of soldiers sworn to protect the faith with weapons of eloquence, persuasion and educationb. The Pope had direct authorityc. Sent troops across Europe encouraging people to reject Protestantism and do everything the church commandsi. Reaffirmed authority of the Catholic Church and the Pope3. “The Spiritual Exercises”- bestselling book outlining the Order’s ideologyb. Heritage of Catholic Reformationi. Defended and revitalized faithThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Results of the Catholic and Protestant Reformsa. Achievements: education, diffusion of ideas, attempts to educate lower classesb. Downfalls: more rigidity, opposition, much tighter control of people, strengthening of inquisition, censorship of booksc. Indirect effect of the church splitting: Women and Witchcrafti. 1580-1660- Witchcraft mania in Europe (especially Germany) for both Catholic and Protestants1. women were viewed as inferior and mysterious compared to men2. lingering superstition and anxiety led to irrational fears3. 10,000 women were burned at the stake for witchcraft in Witchcraft Trials run by the state (and the Pope)d. Religion was now a decisioni. Reasons for choosing varied by social classes1. German peasants: quickly adopted Luther’s ideasa. Led to a large peasant rebellion (attacking landlords and other authority figures)b. Idealized freedom from serfdomc. “Priesthood of all believers” meaning anyone, regardless ofpower, should be able to interpret the Bibled. Luther was critical of capitalisme. However, Luther resented that his message was being usedfor political purposesi. “Slaves can be Christian” Luther finally addressed the political unrest, crushing the peasant revoltii. Lutheran church became mostly composed of middle and upper classes from then
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