DOC PREVIEW
CORNELL CS 3410 - RISC, CISC, and Assemblers

This preview shows page 1-2-14-15-30-31 out of 31 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 31 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 31 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 31 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 31 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 31 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 31 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 31 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

RISC, CISC, and Assemblers!Hakim&Weatherspoon&CS&3410,&Spring&2011&Computer)Science)Cornell)University)See)P&H)Appendix)B.1<2,))and)Chapters)2.8)and)2.12))2)Announcements!PA1)due)this)Friday))Work)in)pairs)Use)your)resources)• FAQ,)class)notes,)book,)SecGons,)office)hours,)newsgroup,)CSUGLab))Prelims1:)next)Thursday,)March)10th)in)class)• Material)covered)• Appendix)C)(logic,)gates,)FSMs,)memory,)ALUs)))• Chapter)4)(pipelined)[and)non<pipeline])MIPS)processor)with)hazards))• Chapters)2)and)Appendix)B)(RISC/CISC,)MIPS,)and)calling)convenGons))• Chapter)1)(Performance))• HW1,)HW2,)PA1,)PA2)• PracGce)prelims)are)online)in)CMS)• Closed)Book:)cannot)use)electronic)device)or)outside)material)• We)will)start)at)1:25pm)sharp,)so)come)early)))3)Goals for Today!InstrucGon)Set)Architetures)• Arguments:)stack<based,)accumulator,)2<arg,)3<arg)• Operand)types:)load<store,)memory,)mixed,)stacks,)…)• Complexity:)CISC,)RISC)Assemblers)• assembly)instrucGons)• psuedo<instrucGons)• data)and)layout)direcGves)• executable)programs)4)Instruction Set Architecture!ISA)defines)the)permissible)instrucGons)• MIPS:)load/store,)arithmeGc,)control)flow,)…)• ARM:)similar)to)MIPS,)but)more)shia,)memory,)&)condiGonal)ops)• VAX:)arithmeGc)on)memory)or)registers,)strings,)polynomial)evaluaGon,)stacks/queues,)…)• Cray:)vector)operaGons,)…)• x86:)a)lifle)of)everything)5)One Instruction Set Architecture!Toy)example:)subleq)a,)b,)target))Mem[b])=)Mem[b])–)Mem[a])then)if)(Mem[b])<=)0))goto)target)else)conGnue)with)next)instrucGon)clear)a)==)subleq)a,)a,)pc+4)jmp)c)==)subleq)Z,)Z,)c)add)a,)b)==)subleq)a,)Z,)pc+4;))) )subleq)Z,)b,)pc+4;))) )subleq)Z,)Z,)pc+4)6)PDP-8!Not<a<toy)example:)PDP<8))One)register:)AC))Eight)basic)instrucGons:)) )AND)a) )#)AC)=)AC)&)MEM[a])) )TAD)a) )#)AC)=)AC)+)MEM[a])) )ISZ)a) )#)if)(!++MEM[a]))skip)next)) )DCA)a) )#)MEM[a])=)AC;)AC)=)0)) )JMS)a) )#)jump)to)subrouGne)(e.g.)jump)and)link))) )JMP)a) )#)jump)to)MEM[a])) )IOT)x )#)input/output)transfer)) )OPR)x) )#)misc)operaGons)on)AC)7)Stack Based!Stack)machine)• data)stack)in)memory,)stack(pointer)register)• Operands)popped/pushed)as)needed)add)[)Java)Bytecode,)PostScript,)odd)CPUs,)some)x86)])Tradeoffs:)8)Accumulator Based!Accumulator)machine)• Results)usually)put)in)dedicated)accumulator)register)add)b)store)b)[)Some)x86)])Tradeoffs:)))9)Load-Store!Load/store)(register<register))architecture)• computaGon)only)between)registers)[)MIPS,)some)x86)])Tradeoffs:)10)Axes!Axes:)• Arguments:)stack<based,)accumulator,)2<arg,)3<arg)• Operand)types:)load<store,)memory,)mixed,)stacks,)…)• Complexity:)CISC,)RISC))11)Complex Instruction Set Computers!People)programmed)in)assembly)and)machine)code!)• Needed)as)many)addressing)modes)as)possible)• Memory)was)(and)sGll)is))slow)CPUs)had)relaGvely)few)registers)• Register’s)were)more)“expensive”)than)external)mem)• Large)number)of)registers)requires)many)bits)to)index))Memories)were)small)• Encoraged)highly)encoded)microcodes)as)instrucGons)• Variable)length)instrucGons,)load/store,)condiGons,)etc)12)Reduced Instruction Set Computer!Dave)Paferson)• RISC)Project,)1982)• UC)Berkeley)• RISC<I:)½)transGsters)&)3x)faster)• Influences:)Sun)SPARC,)namesake)of)industry)John)L.)Hennessy)• MIPS,)1981)• Stanford)• Simple)pipelining,)keep)full)• Influences:)MIPS)computer)system,)PlayStaGon,)Nintendo)13)Complexity!MIPS)=)Reduced)InstrucGon)Set)Computer)(RlSC))• ≈)200)instrucGons,)32)bits)each,)3)formats)• all)operands)in)registers)– almost)all)are)32)bits)each)• ≈)1)addressing)mode:)Mem[reg)+)imm]))x86)=)Complex)InstrucGon)Set)Computer)(ClSC))• >)1000)instrucGons,)1)to)15)bytes)each)• operands)in)dedicated)registers,))general)purpose)registers,))memory,)on)stack,)…)– can)be)1,)2,)4,)8)bytes,)signed)or)unsigned)• 10s)of)addressing)modes)– e.g.))Mem[segment)+)reg)+)reg*scale)+)offset])14)RISC vs CISC!RISC)Philosophy)Regularity)&)simplicity)Leaner)means)faster)OpGmize)the))common)case)CISC)Rebufal)Compilers)can)be)smart)Transistors)are)plenGful)Legacy)is)important)Code)size)counts)Micro<code!))15)Goals for Today!InstrucGon)Set)Architetures)• Arguments:)stack<based,)accumulator,)2<arg,)3<arg)• Operand)types:)load<store,)memory,)mixed,)stacks,)…)• Complexity:)CISC,)RISC)Assemblers)• assembly)instrucGons)• psuedo<instrucGons)• data)and)layout)direcGves)• executable)programs)16)Examples!!...!T:!ADDI!r4,!r0,!,1!!BEQ!r3,!r0,!B!!ADDI!r4,!r4,!1!!LW!r3,!0(r3)!!J!T!!NOP!B:!...!!...!!JAL!L!!nop!!nop!L: !LW!r5,!0(r31)!!ADDI!r5,!r5,!1!!SW!r5,!!0(r31)!!...!17)cs3410 Recap/Quiz!17)int!x!=!10;!x!=!2!*!x!+!15;!C)compiler)addi!r5,!r0,!10!muli!r5,!r5,!2!addi!r5,!r5,!15!MIPS)assembly)00100000000001010000000000001010!00000000000001010010100001000000!00100000101001010000000000001111!machine)code)assembler)CPU))Circuits))Gates))Transistors))Silicon)18)Example 1!!...!T:!ADDI!r4,r0,,1!!BEQ!r3,!r0,!B!!ADDI!r4,r4,!1!!LW!r3,!0(r3)!!J!T!!NOP!B:!...!...)001000)000100)001000)100011)000010)00000000000000000000000000000000)...)19)References!Q:)How)to)resolve)labels)into)offsets)and)addresses?)A:)Two<pass)assembly)• 1st)pass:)lay)out)instrucGons)and)data,)and)build)a)symbol(table)(mapping)labels)to)addresses))as)you)go)• 2nd)pass:)encode)instrucGons)and)data)in)binary,)using)symbol)table)to)resolve)references))20)Example 2!!...!!JAL!L!!nop!!nop!L:!LW!r5,!0(r31)!!ADDI!r5,r5,1!!SW!r5,!0(r31)!!...!...)00100000000100000000000000000100))00000000000000000000000000000000)00000000000000000000000000000000)10001111111001010000000000000000)00100000101001010000000000000001)00000000000000000000000000000000)...)21)Example 2 (better)!.text!0x00400000!#!code!segment!!...!!ORI!r4,!r0,!counter!!LW!r5,!0(r4)!!ADDI!r5,!r5,!1!!SW!r5,!!0(r4)!!...!.data!0x10000000!#!data!segment!counter:!!!.word!0!22)Lessons!Lessons:)• Mixed)data)and)instrucGons)(von)Neumann)(• …)but)best)kept)in)separate)segments(• Specify)layout)and)data)using)assembler(direc4ves))•


View Full Document

CORNELL CS 3410 - RISC, CISC, and Assemblers

Documents in this Course
Marra

Marra

43 pages

Caches

Caches

34 pages

ALUs

ALUs

5 pages

Caches!

Caches!

54 pages

Memory

Memory

41 pages

Caches

Caches

32 pages

Caches

Caches

54 pages

Caches

Caches

34 pages

Caches

Caches

54 pages

Load more
Download RISC, CISC, and Assemblers
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view RISC, CISC, and Assemblers and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view RISC, CISC, and Assemblers 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?