BIOL 460 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Monoamine Neurotransmitters Outline of Current Lecture I. Mesolimbic Dopamine SystemII. Norepinephrine III. Amino Acid NeurotransmittersCurrent LectureMonoamine Neurotransmitters Continued…1. Mesolimbic dopamine systema. Neurons of this system are in tegmentum of mesencephalon; close to substantia nigrab. Limbic systemi. Masses of gray matter deep in forebrainii. Telencephalon and diencephalon iii. Involved in emotionsc. Behavior and reward (“reward system”)i. Teaching signal in chordatesii. Increasing change of reproductive survival= reward d. Addictive drugs work on this systemi. Cocaine → dopamine transport blocker ii. Blocks reuptake of dopamine, enhancing amount of dopamine in synapse2. Norepinephrinea. NTM of sympathetic neurons of autonomic nervous system i. Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands ii. IPSPb. Brain in central nervous system (CNS)- stimulates general behavioral arousal i. Attention and focus c. ADD (attention deficit disorder)i. Psychostimulate medicines 1. Ritalin→ dopamine reuptake inhibitor2. Strattera→ prevents reuptake of norepinephrine from synaptic cleft; less potential for abuse These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Adderall→ mix of amphetamines- enhance presence of all monoamines out of synaptic cleftAmino Acid Neurotransmitters (NTMs)1. Excitatory (EPSPs)a. Aspartic acid (don’t need to know)b. Glutamic acid- after it release proton it becomes glutamate (NTM)i. Involved in learning and memory ii. Receptor is ionotropic (ion channel is inside or part of receptor)1. Channels open and generate EPSPiii. Synaptic plasticity- idea that synapses aren’t as cut and dry 1. Retrograde transmission- if post synaptic cell produced NTM that would act on presynaptic cell 2. Long term potentiation- more use of the synapse is used, the more efficient it isa. E.g. riding a bike or shooting a basketball 2. Inhibitory a. Glycinei. NTM involved with spinal cordii. Receptor is ionotropic- contains chloride channels, IPSPiii. Somatic motor neurons involved in muscle contraction1. Flaccid paralysis- muscles are like jelly and wont contracta. Quarry blocks nicotinic receptor 2. Spastic paralysis- all muscles contract at the same time; there is nomovement; they quivera. Tetanus- bacterium produces toxin that disrupts the SNAREfusion complex, NTM doesn’t function to cause an IPSP→ spastic paralysisb. Strychninei. Block glycine receptor protein→ spastic paralysis ii. Diaphragm contracted, can’t relax, can’t
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