CHEM 245 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide1.Thursday, September 25th, 7-‐ 9 pm, Chemistry A103 (Last name A-‐Ma) and Chemistry A101 (Last name Mc-‐ Z)2. You are allowed to bring molecular models, and one 8.5” X 11” sheet of paper with handwritten notes on both sides.3. You will be provided with a periodic table, electronegativity values, and pKa values.4. The exam will be in 2 parts. The first part will be multiple choice and will be answered ona scantron. The second part will be drawing structures or filling in blanks. There will be atotal of about 30 questions. Things you might be asked to do:Chapter 1a. Determine the electronic configuration for a given element.b. Given a molecular formula, draw the correct Lewis structure, including formal charges and lone pairs. Determine the formal charge or the number of lone pairs on an atom in a Lewis structure.c. Determine if an atom is sp3, sp2, or sp hybridized and describe the geometry about the atomwithin a structure.d. Describe the types and numbers of orbitals present on an sp, sp2 or sp3 hybridized atom.e. Describe bonding for single, double and triple bonds in terms of overlapping orbitals.f. Determine direction and degree of bond polarity, given electronegativity values.g. Identify a Bronsted-‐Lowry acid or base and the conjugate acid or base in a reaction.h. Identify the Lewis acid and base in a Lewis acid/base reaction.i. Based on pKa, determine relative acidity of two acids, and equilibrium of acid/base reaction.Chapter 2a. Identify functional groups. The list of functional groups you should be able to recognize are summarized in a document posted along with this study guide.b. Given two structures, determine if they are unrelated, identical molecules, or isomers(constitutional, conformational, or stereo- ).‐c. Interpret or draw a skeletal structure.d. Name an alkane or cycloalkane from a structure or draw a structure from a name, including cis/trans designations for cycloalkanes. Know or have on your reference sheet the names of the parent carbon chains and substituents through C10, and the names of branched substituents for C3 and C4 (propyl and butyl branched substituents).e. Draw a stereo- ,‐ constitutional, or conformational isomer of a given structure.f. Given the structure of a molecule, be able to draw a Newman projection of any bond in that molecule. Given a Newman projection, draw the molecule in dash/wedge style. Be able to determine the most stable conformation by viewing a Newman projection and explain why.g. Given the planar structure with dashed and wedged bonds, draw the two possible chairconformations of a multi-‐substituted cyclohexane ring, and determine and explain the relative stability.h. Identify atoms that are axial and equatorial or cis and trans to one another on a cyclohexane ring, when the ring is drawn in a chair conformation.Chapter 3a. Name an alkene or alkyne, or cycloalkene including E/Z designation where applicable, or draw the correct structure from the name.b. Prioritize groups according to E/Z system and designate an alkene E or Z.c. Identify an electrophile or nucleophile in the context of a reaction.d. Given a chemical reaction with reactants and products, draw the correct curved arrows.e. Draw the products of a chemical reaction given the curved arrows on the reactants.f. Designate the class of a reaction. (addition, elimination, substitution).g. Interpret or draw a reaction energy diagram.Chapter 4: All sections except 4.7 - ‐ 4.10.a.Predict the product(s) of HX (X=halogen) or H3O+ reacting with an alkene, and choose the major product if there is one. Know the reagents needed to do the reaction, if given the starting material and product. (Reactions 1(a) and 1(b), pg 143)b.Draw the reaction mechanisms or intermediates for HX, H3O+or X2 adding to an alkene. (X=halogen)c.Determine relative stability of carbocations.d.Determine the best starting alkene, given the product of a reaction between an alkene and HX, H3O+, H2, or X2.e.Explain how the stereoselectivity of the bromination of an alkene helped to elucidate the reaction mechanism.f.Predict the product of X2 or H2 adding to an alkene, including stereoselectivity if applicable. Know the reagents needed to do the reaction, if given the starting material and product. (Reactions 1(c) and(d),pg 143)g.Predict the products of oxidation reactions with alkenes, specifically reactions 1(e) and (g) on page 144 of the text, including stereoselectivity. Know the reagents needed to do the reactions, if given the starting material and product.h.Predict the product(s) of HX, X2, H2, reacting with an alkyne, specifically reactions 3(a), (b), and (c) on page 145. Know the reagents needed to do the reaction, if given the starting material and