NUTR SCI 132 Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Carbohydratesa. Simple (Sugars)i. Monosaccharaidesii. Disaccharidesb. Complex (Polysaccharides)i. Starchii. Glycogeniii. Indigestible Fibers (Cellulose)c. Lactase Insufficiencyi. Lactose Intoleranceii. Most adults don’t produce enzyme anymoreiii. Incidences of Lactase Insufficiency:1. Danes: 3%2. Africans 50%3. Asians 90%Outline of Current Lecture I. Lactose IntoleranceII. Carbohydratesa. Fiber i. Soluble & Insoluble1. Benefitsb. Disaccharide DigestionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureI. Lactose Intolerancea. Alternatives:i. Plant Calcium Sourcesii. Limit dose of lactoseiii. Cultured dairy products1. Yogurt, Kefir, buttermilk, cheeseiv. Add enzyme1. Lact-aidII. Carbohydratesa. Fiberi. Insoluble 1. Why eat it if not digestible?a. Absorbs waterb. Increases Volumec. Stimulates peristalsisd. Decreases transit time (amount of time spent in gut)e. **Prevents and treats constipation2. Treat constipationa. Eat fiber-rich foodi. Whole grainsii. Vegetablesiii. Fruitsiv. Legumesb. Drink waterii. Soluble Fiber1. Slows CHO absorption a. Steadier level in blood stream2. Lowers blood cholesterola. Bile – made from cholesterolb. Fiber binds with bile in digestive trackc. Decreases reabsorption of cholesterol-based biled. **Good for your heart!b. Digestioni. What do we use CHO for?1. Energy – 4kcal/gram2. Other necessary CHO production of amino acids3. Excess CHOa. Stored as glycogen in liver and muscleb. Stored as fat in adipose4. Blood Sugar Regulation - Highly regulateda. Mechanisms to Increase Blood Glucoseb. Brain Obligate glucose user (only uses other energy sources if absolutely HAS to… after several days)i. When you get hungry and don’t eat, energy Level down, crabby, coordination decreases (nervous system functioning decreases)ii. Liver glycogen broken down into glucose and released into bloodiii. Gluconeogenesis1. Convert certain amino acids into glucose2. Eating your musclesiv. Glycogen break-down and gluconeogenesis triggered by glucagon (and epinephrine)c. Decreasing Blood Glucosei. Insulin Increases uptake of glucose by cells (from blood stream) For:1. Energy2. Storeda. Glycogen in liverb. Fat in
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