Soci 1101 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 Lecture 1 August 27 Sociology translates to being together with In order to study sociology you need two or more people a group Use all 5 senses to use in scientific knowledge It is the scientific study of human society with interactions What humans think of as natural is actually socially constructed People see their own way of doing and thinking as natural Social imagination Wright Mills He is the autobiography in the context of history People in social groups social structure and social context A person s experiences guide their own perspectives To achieve Social perspectives Remove yourself from familiar experiences Imagine how others are experiencing the same social culture and history This enables us to question the obvious and natural in the world The two scales of sociological perspectives Macros sociology Micro sociology global sociology Eras Theo centric era Meta physical era Scientific era Revolutions Scientific revolution 16th century Democratic revolution 18th century Industrial revolution 18th century Post scientific era now Lecture 2 September 3 Sociological imagination C Wright Mills The scientific theory of human society comprised of interactions Two ways of looking at reality micro and macro First generation sociologists Durkheim Holmes Marx and Weber European sociologists August Comte Second generation he coined the term sociology Constant and dynamic society In every human society there are two forces Social constant stays the same and social dynamics changes Herbert Spencer Second generation believed in survival of the fittest Known for saying social Darwinism also believed in progress from today onward to the future in a positive manner Karl Marx He is the material ist Did not talk about abstract things instead focused on people in a society divided Classified people into two groups money class or have and have not s Believed in social change due to economic conflict due to the exploitation of the poor under capitalism Emile Durkheim he is a man not a woman Second generation studied social facts believed in proof Focused on the social glue the social bond what brings people together in a society Believed that truth claims can not be proven but that social facts are physical facts He was the first academic sociologist Max Weber Combined Durkheim s and Marx s principals together Believed in social change due to values and ideas spirit of capitalism Believed in rationalization based on efficiency and to minimalize input to maximize output Such as little effort put into a job to get the maximum amount of money Harriet Martineau woman One of the neglected founders She believed in Comte s definition of sociology Is considered the first sociologist because she did sociology practiced it She focused her work on women immigrants child labor families and minorities She is famous for translating Comte s work and making it readable in English Early sociologist W E B Dubois First African American sociologist and first American sociologist First to receive a PHD in sociology from Harvard He believed in double consciousness the psychological challenge of having an African heritage while having a European childhood and education We study early sociologists because they applied scientific perspectives to address social issues early sociologist still today influence contemporary scientists Modern sociology in the U S Chicago school American style modern society most American sociologists originated out of Chicago Atlanta school name for the sociologists that originated out of ATL American symbolic interaction included the use of symbols in social interactions sociology was used to heal social diseases or problems such as urban sociology race relations immigration and labor and public policy The mind between two people using symbols to understand what we mean physical gestures its nowhere and everywhere it is not a physical thing you can touch Lecture 3 September 8 Cumte dynamic society he invented the word sociology Symbolic interactionism used by Dubois George Herbert mead Jane Adams woman first generation Chicago sociologist the only American sociologist that won a Nobel prize in the history of U S Functionalism Durkheim said society is comprised of many different parts stickiness social glue keeps society together Society is made up of parts that carry out functions that contribute to the whole Order constancy stability is the norm of society living organism and social static Robert Merton manifest latent and dysfunctions of social activities Second generation believed not even small body parts play the same expected functions meaning the workers in a society Modern theoretical approaches Social conflict theory Marxism Conflict change dynamic is the norm Society is made up of parts and parts use power to promote their interests The powerful part exerts power through force rules laws and ideologies Exchange theory is both macro and micro at the same time Everything you use to exchange value has value All interaction has exchange values costs and rewards Rational choice theory Most behavior is self interested Postmodern theory after 1990s Social life has no grand narrative Social life is in constant flux Importance of media and communication technology in social life Feminist theory Feminist theory a political advocacy for gender equality Gender relations and gender inequality are central to the study of society Intersection of gender race and social class in social stratification and inequality Major schools Symbolic interactionism functionalism social conflict theory Other theatrical schools came from those three above Second generation schools Exchange theory rational choice post modern feminist Chapter 2 some sociological questions 4W1H When Where Who m Why and How These are everyday and scientific questions When and where Historical developmental How and who m Comparative How and why Descriptive We address these sociological questions to explore new sociological phenomenons Descriptive to provide data on social facts Explanatory to explain why things do or do not happen to determine what drives causation Evaluative to measure how well a program or project works in relation to its goals How to ask answer sociological questions cookie cutter things to ask and words that you must know Concepts symbols symbols can change meaning over time Variables operationalized symbols change from time to time Independent and