Jeffersonian AmericaI. An agrarian republicA. Rejection of federalismPowerPoint PresentationB. Early National Period, 1800-28II. Institutes for a Landed DemocracyA. Land Ordinance of 1785B. Northwest Ordinance of 1787Slide 9III. Stealing ideas from the FederalistsA. The Louisiana PurchaseSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14B. Corps of DiscoveryC. Marbury v. Madison, 1803D. Economic policySlide 18IV. Westward Expansion & Social StressA. Population growthB. The “wild” WestSlide 22C. The Problem of RaceSlide 24D. Free blacks in a slave societyE. Native AmericaDark side of democracy?War of 1812A. Continuing tensionsSlide 30B. pro-War West & SouthC. War HawksSlide 33D. Near disasterSlide 35Slide 36E. Legacy of the warSlide 38Slide 39Jeffersonian AmericaI. An agrarian republic-Rejection of federalism-Institutes for a landed democracy-Borrowing from the Federalists’ playbookA. Rejection of federalism1. 1st Inaugural - critique of Federalists2. Vowed return to “contract” nationalism3. Allowed Alien / Sedition acts to expire4. shortens naturalization5. embraces opposition party6. “Wise and frugal government”- support state govts.- pay debtsB. Early National Period, 1800-281. Republicans in White House next 23 years- Federalists disappear2. Republican coalition- southern planters- backcountry farmers (the west)- mechanics and artisansII. Institutes for a Landed DemocracyWhy a “landed” democracy- yeoman farmersCreating a “rational” landscapeRepublican virtue Cato the ElderA. Land Ordinance of 17851. Rectangular townships> sections 2. make land affordable 3. proceeds go to govt. Education section 16B. Northwest Ordinance of 17871. New states on par w/ originals- Congressional Gov- 5,000 voters, territorial legislature- 60,000 voters, apply for admission- all rights of citizenship apply2. Banned slavery3. Impending controversy - sectionalismIII. Stealing ideas from the FederalistsNational expansion, warA. The Louisiana PurchaseJefferson’s need to build agrarian republic……while recognizing necessity to expand federal power1. Pinckney Treaty, 17952. Napoleon, Master of Europe- new French Empire?- reacquires Louisiana Territory3. Touissant L’Overture - Saint-Domingue - 1804, Haitian Independence4. Loose v. Strict constructionB. Corps of Discovery1. Voyage had been pre-planned Lewis & Clark2. “Enlightened” discovery3. Expand AmericaninfluenceC. Marbury v. Madison, 18031. Tension between Republicans, Federalist judges2. Principle of “judicial review”Chief Justice John MarshallD. Economic policy1. Radical budget cuts- slash bureacracy / army- no internal taxes- free trade2. Revenue from western landsEconomic growth tied to geographic expansion Albert Gallatin-Republicans adopt loose construction-“fast & loose” w/ sovereignty issues-Activist federal governmentIV. Westward Expansion & Social StressPopulation GrowthSlavery in the Early RepublicA. Population growth1. 1st “baby boom” - TN, KY, OH, MO2. Regional tension- West growing faster than EastB. The “wild” West1. Agrarian dreams deferred- geography inhibited prosperity2. Localized economies- boom & bust3. Early communities mostly men- diverse river towns4. Myth of “rugged individualism”C. The Problem of Race1. Eli Whitney, cotton gin2. Cotton provides stability4. Notes on the State of Virginia, 1781- limits of Enlightenment / republican thought- rejected Benjamin Banneker5. Majority of African-Americans remained slavesD. Free blacks in a slave society1. 1790s = #s increase- met with resentment throughout America2. Independent institutions- Richard Allen, AME Church (1816)- magazine; collegeE. Native America1. Jefferson not sure about inferiority “noble savages”2. Survival strategies3. SegregationDark side of democracy?American people not ready to live up to ideals of the EnlightenmentWar of 1812“Second War for Independence”A. Continuing tensions1. U.S. caught in Anglo-French Wars - Federalists preferred diplomacy2. 1803-1812, Republicans more hostile(Jefferson, James Madison)3. 1806 – Orders in Council Impressment 4. Motives for war? - not in New England 5. Embargo Act, 1807B. pro-War West & South1. British presence in Old Northwest2. Tecumseh- alliance of northern, southern tribes- Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)- militarizes U.S. TecumsehC. War Hawks1. pro-war, strong govt. RepublicansHenry Clay John C. Calhoun2. Pressure James Madison into war3. Goals - drive Brits out of Old NW - subdue Native Americans - conquer CanadaD. Near disaster1. Failed Canadian campaigns, 1812, 1814 2. the West - Great Lakes - War on IndiansBattle of Lake Eerie Andrew Jackson3. D.C. burned, Aug 18144. . The Hartford Convention, - “nullification5. Treaty of Ghent, 1814 - Battle of New Orleans, Jan 1815E. Legacy of the war1. American confidence / Brit withdrawal2. “Indian removal” and politics3. Demise of the Federalists- “Era of Good Feelings”4. Population explosion- 1790: 95% live in Atlantic states- 1820: 25% lived west of AppalachiansLand Act of 1820 – lowered price of land Ohio River Valley“Black Belt” Alabama/Mississippi5. Industrial Revolution in