History Review Test 1 1. Fredrick Jackson Turner and frontier Thesis 1. 1890 frontier was over, frontier is where savagery and civilization meet 2. time period for the old west 1865-1890 2. cowboys and indians 1. bringing the cattle trails up to Kansas 2. went to the rail heads and cattle was moved to the east for steak 3. indian wars 1. battle of little big horn 2. custer and his men are wiped out by the indians 3. wounded knee, soldiers kill innocent children and women 4. the west was pretty much done 1890: the frontier was over, the indian wars were over, no more land 4. dawes act 1. federal government was trying to limit the exploitation of indians, was not very successful 5. general lee 6. technological advancements 1. barbed wire 2. smooth plow 3. planting techniques 4. mining and cattle empiresThe Gilded Age➢ Dominant economic doctrine: liassez-fare: free market, free trade, individual freedom➢ social darwinism survival of the fittest  this is how businessmen think  known the main monopolists Rockefeller: oil JP Morgan: banking carnegie: steel heriman(?): railroads➢ opposite of socialism ➢ second american to be assassinated  James A Garfield ➢ Order of assassinations: Lincoln, Garfield, and then McKinley ➢ these monopolies are trusts, they are gigantic corporations ➢ American Federation of Labor (AFL) founder: Samuel Gompers➢ who fills up the factories? Farmers, immigrants ➢ immigrants: coming from Southern and Eastern europe (Russian and Greek orthodox Jews, Catholic Polish and Catholic Italians, Greece)➢ the politicians are helping the immigrants in NYC Tammany Hall democrats are helping them find jobs, finding places for church and school for the children, finding them housing ➢ selective breeding? Start of birth control certain people are desired not to be bred (Mentally retarded,certain races) Victorian Era➢ Women in Victorian Era: women are weaker vessels, they must practice personal piety, must be sexually pure, must submit to their husbands, more religious than men ➢ Women's Rights Movement right to vote, social equality ➢ Civil Rights Movement two leaders: Brooker T Washington• trying to raise poor blacks to the middle class, finding them jobs in the growing area of factories, this is the first step to equalitywith whites, incrimentalist  W. Du Bois • more radical actions, blacks should aspire to got to Law school, Medical school, this is how blacks can compete equally with whites ➢ psychology  IQ testing  some people have greater intellectual capability than others ➢ Admiral Alfred Mayham(sp?) you need a big navy and big merchant marine and need to control certain key points in the world so then you can control the world  he writes book, talks about the British empire and how the small tiny nation controlled the world based on their superior navy, he says we must do what the British did goal: global empire it would be in our economic, military, and political interest ➢ Jingoism  aggressive foreign policy  war-like spirit Teddy Roosevelt is the best example of this ➢ Splendid Little War (called by Randolph Hurst ([sp?])  Spanish-American War remember the mane blows up in Havana Harbor  turned out to be spontaneous combustion  lasted for about four months Teddy Roosevelt becomes a hero ➢ William McKinley  all these new territories  for example Puerto Rico, Cuba said he was going to bring civilization and Christianity to them  he is assassinated then Teddy becomes president➢ Teddy Roosevelt  know his youth: cowboy, polish commissioner, assistant secretary of the navy, coronal Roosevelt, becomes VP but McKinley dies and then  he is setting the nation's agenda by making speeches it is a bully pullpit telling the nation what they should do, be concerned about believer in the Marines, enforcing the Monroe Doctrine he is a negotiator between the Russians and Japanese, first president to win nobel peace prize interested in foreign affairs  setting the tone for the future of the 20th century  speak softly and carry a big stick  uses the US as the defender/policemen of international order he is also a trust buster, trying to break up big corporations he is a Progressive ➢ 19th century: greatest colonial power is the BRITISH➢ know the presidents order➢ William Howard Taft 1909 succeeds TR he was the civilian governor of the Philippines during the Philippine insurrection, he replaced Arthur McArthur  Taft is the only person in US history where he is President and Chief Justice ➢ William Jennings Bryan  his populism he ran for president, nominated THREE times by the democrats for president but never won ➢ 1912 who is running for president? Woodrow Wilson, William Taft, Teddy Roosevelt• Woodrow Wilson wins because the Republicans are split between the other two • 1913 Wilson becomes Presidents• he is a progressive, first thing he wants to do is back reform • interest rates • they affect everything... ALL loans and all transactions • monetary policy: interest rates, federal reserve • fiscal policy: budget• which of the two is more important? ➢ Wilson the idealist, the OPPOSTIE of the realist of Teddy Roosevelt he wants to promote America's economy to the world, he wants to promote justice and christianity around the world  make the world safe for democracy  his presidency is dominated by world war 1 rather than his goal of domestic policy  cause of world war 1 involvement by the US: mexicans asked to wage attack on southern border of US World War 1 trench warfare shell shock, poison gas lice, fleas Versailles treaty did not pass a separate peace treaty signed  blacks moved to the north during world war 1➢ World War 1 and Versailles one result of war: Vladimir Lenin sent back into Russian and creating the first communist state, 1917: the SOVIET UNION versailles conference who were the four people?  They were the ones to impose peace on Germany british and french want their money back, their national interest, “The germans owe us money!” they are demanding massive reparations • who warned against this? John Maynard Cane (most famous economist of the 19th century) • he says, no reparations on the Germans  when the treaty gets sent to the Senate, who opposes it?• Henry