Slide 1Slide 2The Nature of Power and WarContinuedContinuedContinuedCauses of WarContinuedThe Military and the Use of ForceSlide 10Military SpendingSlide 12ContinuedContinuedWeaponsContinuedSlide 17What is Terrorism?Characteristics of Terrorist GroupsContinuedContinuedSlide 22Who Are American Terrorists?Slide 24FunctionalismContinuedSymbolic InteractionismConflict TheoryNuclear Arms ControlContinuedContinuedCombating International TerrorismContinuedCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Chapter 20: War and TerrorismCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.The Nature of Power and WarWar•A violent conflict between groups organized for such conflictSociologist G. William Domhof•Proposed an elite group of white men hold majority of power in the country•Identifies two distinct groupsA corporate coalition and a labor coalitionBoth play major role in determining who runs for office and which positions those people will holdCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedSociologist G. William Domhof (Continued)•Suggests it is interaction between two coalitions that determines direction in which the country will moveDemocratic societies believe power should not be concentrated in hands of a fewPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower was one of first to recognize potential danger of such concentration and warned against influence of what he called the “military-industrial complex”Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedMilitary-Industrial Complex•Combination of the armed forces and defense industries that provide weapons and other materials to a country and has great influence over the country’s policiesPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower•General during World War II•Knew that when an industry benefited from sale of weapons, it also benefited from war•Recognized that prominent members of the military and weapons industry could be highly influential in setting country’s agendaCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedPresident Eisenhower’s 1961 farewell address•“In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.”Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Causes of WarSeveral factors that can increase likelihood of war•Easy VictoryWhen conquest is seen as being easy for one side, war more likely to take place•OptimismPlays a role, states are more likely to engage in war when they are overly confident about outcome of potential conflictCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedFactor of First Strike •Increases the chance of war considerablyNation’s leaders determine making the initial move will give them an advantage – Iraq war When power structure of a state is in flux, likelihood of war increases•One nation sees another as a threat, or impending dangerWhere there is potential for financial gain, there is potential for war•Profit can be a strong motivation for warCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.The Military and the Use of ForceMilitary is important part of protecting safety and interests of any nation•Between 1798 and 1993United States used military force total of 234 times for incidents that led to combat or had the potential toCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Military SpendingUnited States spends more than any other country on military•$607 billion of total $1.4 trillion military spending in the worldAmount of spending attributed to rise of military-industrial complexStudies show link between increase in military spending and decrease in spending for other publicly funded servicesCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedOther research found when a government increases spending in one area, entire economy benefits•World War II, increased government spending on military created more jobs and helped pull US out of the Great DepressionUniversity of Florida professor Errol Anthony Henderson•Peacetime military spending increases poverty by increasing inequality and unemployment•Wartime spending has reverse efectCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedConcern over increase in price of machinery and materials used by militaryAll agree ensuring safety and security of a nation and its defenders is worth some expenseStrain of military spending on peacetime economy, decrease in funding for public services, increasing price of military products•Bring into question necessity of excessive military spendingCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.WeaponsUse of small arms and light weapons (SALW) result in greatest number of deaths during any type of conflict•SALW also target civilians, aiding in acts of violence such as rape or forced displacementWeapons of mass destruction (WMD) is major danger due to capacity to cause harm on a large scaleCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.ContinuedNuclear weapon •Device