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CCRI COMI 1100 - UNDERSTANDING OPERATING SYSTEM

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About the Presentations The presentations cover the objectives found in the opening of each chapter All chapter objectives are listed in the beginning of each presentation You may customize the presentations to fit your class needs Some figures from the chapters are included A complete set of images from the book can be found on the Instructor Resources disc Chapter 1 Introducing Operating Systems After completing this chapter you should be able to describe Innovations in operating systems development The basic role of an operating system The major operating system software subsystem managers and their functions The types of machine hardware on which operating systems run Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 3 The differences among batch interactive real time hybrid and embedded operating systems Multiprocessing and its impact on the evolution of operating system software Virtualization and core architecture trends in new operating systems Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 4 Operating systems Manage computer system hardware and software This text explores What they are How they work What they do Why they do it This chapter describes How operating systems work The evolution of operation systems Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 5 A Computer System consists of Software programs Hardware the physical machine and its electronic components The Operating System Software The chief piece of software The portion of the computer system that Manages all hardware and all software Controls every file device section of main memory and nanosecond of processing time Controls who can use the system Controls how system is used Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition The Operating System Software Each time the user sends a command the OS must make sure that the command is executed If it s not executed It must arrange for the user to get a message explaining the error Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition The User Interface The component unique to each OS Users issue commands to the OS Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 8 The four essential managers of every OS Memory Manager Processor Manager Device Manager File Manager These managers are the basis of all OS Each manager works closely with the other managers and performs its unique role regardless of which specific OS is being discussed Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 9 Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 10 Network Manager fifth subsystem manager A network was not always an integral part of operating systems Early systems were self contained with all network capability added on top of existing operating systems Now most OS routinely incorporate a Network Manager Assumes responsibility for networking tasks Discussed further in Chapters 9 10 Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 11 Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 12 Regardless of the size or configuration of the system each of the subsystem managers must perform the following tasks Monitor its resources continuously Enforce policies that determine Who gets what when and how much Allocate the resource when appropriate Deallocate the resource when appropriate Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 13 Network Manager Operating systems with networking capability Fifth essential manager Convenient way for users to share resources Retains user access control Resources include Hardware CPUs memory areas printers tape drives modems and disk drives Software compilers application programs and data files Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 14 In charge of main memory Random Access Memory RAM Responsibilities include Protecting the space in main memory occupied by the OS itself Checking the validity of each request If it is a legal request allocates a portion of memory that isn t already in use In a multiuser environment setting up a table to keep track of who is using which section of memory Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 15 Responsibilities include When the time comes to reclaim memory the Memory Manager deallocates memory Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 16 Determines how to allocate the Central Processing Unit CPU Keeps tracks of the status of each process An instance of program execution Monitors whether the CPU is executing a process or waiting for a READ or WRITE to finish execution Once the Processor Manager allocates the processor it sets up the necessary registers and tables Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 17 When the job is finished or the maximum amount of time has expired The Processor Manager reclaims the processor The Processor Manager has two levels of responsibility Handle jobs as they enter the system Handled by Job Scheduler Manage each process within those jobs Handled by Process Scheduler Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 18 Monitors every device channel and control unit Responsibilities include Choosing the most efficient way to allocate all of the system s devices Printers ports disk drives etc Based on a scheduling policy chosen by the system s designers Accomplished by Allocating the device Starting device operation Deallocating the device making it available to the next process or job Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 19 Keeps track every file in the system including Data files program files compilers and application programs Responsibilities include Enforcing user program restrictions on who has access to which files by using predetermined access policies Controlling what user programs are allowed to do with files once they access them The File Manager allocates the necessary resources and later deallocates them By closing them Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 20 The fifth essential manager for those OS with Internet or networking capability Provides a convenient way for users to share resources while controlling users access to them These resources include Hardware such as Software such as CPUs Memory areas Printers Tape drives Modems Disk drives Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition Compilers Application program Data files 21 The portion of the OS that users interact with directly Previously the user interface consisted of commands typed on a keyboard and displayed on a monitor Now most systems allow users to choose a menu option from a list Understanding Operating Systems Sixth Edition 22 Each individual manager must perform its individual tasks and must be able to work


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CCRI COMI 1100 - UNDERSTANDING OPERATING SYSTEM

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