GeneralizationGEOG 370 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. The power of mapsII. Scale III. Generalization Outline of Current Lecture II. GeneralizationCurrent LectureGeneralization -Quiz 2 • True/False: A map made at 1/500 has a larger cartographic scale than a map at 1/10,000• Match-Indication of scale • Scale bar• Representative fraction • Verbal statement -Relative advantage -Can be use for online maps-Easiest to understand conceptually -Unit-less- Generalization • The process of meaningfully removing detail from the representation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-How the cartographer injects his or her point of view #Author - Multi scale mapping: the process of making integrated designs of the same geographic topic at multiple (or perhaps all) cartographic scale• Generalization at all map scales, not just one • Essential for web mapping services - Example: mapquest • Multi scale map making decisions:- Content: the identification and organization of features for inclusion on the map • Content operators:- Add: insertion of features - Eliminate: removal if features- Reclassify: revision to the grouping of features based on their attributes - Reorder: adjusting to the stacking position of featured - Geometry: the manipulation to the points, lines, or polygons constituting a map feature • Geometry operators:- Simplify: reduction of the number of points constituting a feature - Smooth: removal of small variations in the geometry of a feature to improve its appearance - Aggregate: replacement of many related features with a representative feature of increased dimensionality - Collapse: replacement of a feature with representative feature of lower dimensionality - Merge: replacement of a feature with representative feature of equal dimensionality- Displace: adjustment to the location of a feature to avoid coalescence with adjacent features while maintaining topology- Exaggerate amplification of a portion of a feature to emphasize a characteristicaspect of it - Symbol: the graphic encoding of a feature on the map page • Symbol operators:- Adjust color: adjustment or color to ensure legibility of particular feature or surrounding features- Adjust pattern: adjustment fill or stroke pattern (texture) to improve legibility - Adjust transparency: adjust symbol opacity to improve to legibility - Adjust shape: adjust symbol shape without changing feature dimensionality - Adjust size: change symbol size without changing feature dimensionality - Rotate: change orientation to maintain or emphasize its relationship to other features - Adjust iconicity: adjustment to the degree to which a symbol mimics its reference without changing feature dimensionality - Enhance: inclusion of graphic embellishments around or within a feature to maintain or emphasize feature relationships - Typify: replacement of a related set of features with a sparser, representative arrangement of symbols - Label: the addition of text to the map in order to explicate or replace the included map