Thailand IThailandThe King of ThailandThe King’s RoleQuestionsNan ChaoSukhothaiPowerPoint PresentationLan Na & AyudhyaAyudhyaSlide 11Ayudhya’s Last Dynasty (1688-1767)BangkokSlide 14Maintaining Thai IndependenceForeign PressureSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Continued ModernizationSlide 22Thai DemocracyDemocracy Monument-1932World War IIBridge Over The River KwaiCold War YearsVietnam ConflictNixon Visits ChinaSlide 30The End Proceed to Part IIThailand I Campbell University Government/History 354Thailand•United in mid-14th Century as Siam.•Took name Thailand in 1938.•National religion is Theravada Buddhism.•Became a constitutional monarchy in 1932.•Subject of the Broadway musical,The King and I.•Allied with U.S. during Vietnam conflict. Major R & R center; tourism and AIDS.•Facing armed Muslim violence in South.The King of Thailand•Bhumiphol Adulyadej (Rama IX)–Born in U.S.A. in 1927; became king in 1946.–Father was a doctor; younger son of a younger son. Married Sirikit.–Played sax with Goodman & Armstrong. Wrote “Blue Night”–Still anachronistically considered a god by subjects.–Exercises great moral authority.The King’s Role•Politically – to moderate.•Economically – to pioneer.–The Greening of Isarn.–Artificial rainmaking.–New strains of fish(tilapia), rice & tapioca (casava).–Irrigation projects and dams–Alternate crops for Hmong – cabbages, turnips, brussels sprouts, etc., instead of poppies.–Demonstration projects – dairy farming, bio-gas & forests.•Traditional Mediator – hill tribesman’s complaint..Questions•What is the national religion of Thailand?•With what major power was Thailand allied during the Vietnam conflict?•Name the current king of Thailand. For how many years has he been king?•Name the fish that the king pioneered raising commercially?Nan Chao•The Thais migrated over a period of 4,500 years from Mongolia to China and eventually to modern Thailand. Along the way, they established many kingdoms.•Nan Chao in Yunnan Province. Is the oldest Thai kingdom. Forced to migrate by the 13th Century Mongol invasion of China.SukhothaiSukhothai was founded in 1238 thru a revolt against the Ankgor Khmer Empire.King Rama Khamheng extended the kingdom to encompass parts of Laos, Cambodia & the Korate plateau. He created the Thai alphabet & adopted the divine monarchy concept. A rock inscription reads, “This Muang Sukhothai is good. In the water there are fish; in the field there is rice.”.Lan Na & Ayudhya•Lan Na founded by Mangrai in 1296 in the mountainous north. Encompassed parts of Burma and south China. The capital was Chang Mai.•Ayudhya (Ayutthaya) founded by Ramadhipati (the law giver) in 1351 on the Menam River. Had been part of the Khmer Angkor kingdom. •Ayudhya succeeded in eventually conquering the Khmer kingdom in 1431 & Sukhothai in 1438.Ayudhya•King Trailok had a lasting impact on the country’s administrative and social structure.–Converted (feudal style) principalities into provinces, each headed by a chao phraya (governor). Local armies were placed under central control.–Established a departmental system for the central administration: Interior, Local Gov. (capital), Finance (& foreign trade), Agriculture, Palace & Justice.–Organized society based on sakdi na (field power)grades. Amount of land held determined social position and status in legal system.–The Palatine Law of 1458 dealing with royalty.Ayudhya•Ayudhya was sacked in 1569 by a Burmese coalition including Lan Na and Lan Xang (Laos). •Thai independence restored by King Naresuan the Great, who personally killed the Crown Prince of Burma in a dual.conducted on the elephant back.•Ayudhya became a very prosperous entrepot for European, Indian and Asian trade. Employed several hundred foreigners as experts (weapons) and advisors. •Was receptive to Catholic missionaries.•The “Revolution” of 1688 was a succession dispute over the replacement of King Narai, who had no heir. Led to a new dynasty under King Phetracha.Ayudhya’s Last Dynasty (1688-1767)•The “revolution” contained a strong anti foreign, particularly anti-French, anti-Catholic element, and led to the execution of Constantine Phaulkon, the king’s pro-French Greek advisor. Troops had already been garrisoned in Thailand near Bangkok as part of a plot to make it a French protectorate.•Fear of foreign influence, especially European, marked the remainder of the Ayudhya period. Moors and Chinese tended to replace Europeans as experts and advisors •King’s role as “principal” trader continued: India for textiles, Japan and China, Java for horses, Europe for weapons – muskets & cannon.Bangkok•The Burmese sacked Ayudhya again in 1767. Destruction and looting were extensive; 30, 000 prisoners were taken. •King Phya Taksin restored and enlarged the the kingdom and established Bangkok as the new capital.•Chaophraya Chakri replaced Taksin in a coup in 1782. He became Rama I of the Chakri Dynasty.Questions•What was the name of the Thai kingdom that existed in China?•Name the three great founding kings of Thailand. Which one invented the Thai alphabet? Which instituted Sakdi Na?•What was the Sakdi Na system?•Name the capital of Lan Na?•The Revolution of 1688 led to the death of what European adventurer?•What was the name of the king who founded Bangkok? •Who founded the current Thai dynasty?Maintaining Thai Independence•Both the French and the British were real threats. The British in Burma, the French in Laos, Cambodia & Vietnam. Ultimately, Thailand was saved by becoming a buffer state.•The King and I portrays a real effort to modernize Thailand. The king was Mongkut, Rama IV. Anna was Anna Leonowens. The king’s son was Chulalongkorn, Rama V.Foreign Pressure•The Thais were under very real pressure from the French and British.–In 1867, the Thais were forced to relinquish their clams to Cambodia in exchange for recognition of their suzerainty over Battambang and Siem Reap. –Fighting between French and Thai forces in Laos led to French gunboats blockaded Bangkok. The Thais were forced to cede Laos to the French in 1893.–In 1907, Chulalongkorn was forced to cede Battambang and Siem Reap to the French.–In 1909, the Thais had to surrender five states in the northern Malay peninsula to BritainMaintaining Thai Independence•Anglo-Thai Treaty of 1855–Tariff control on