Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. None, this begins the Exam 2 materials. a. The past notes were for Exam 1. b. Note that the final is not comprehensive. Outline of Current Lecture II. Nicotine and Tobacco Usea. Historyb. Health Concern and Smoking Behaviorc. Todayd. What is Tobacco?i. Definitionii. Type of Smokeiii. Dependence Potential of Nicotineiv. Titration hypothesese. Pharmacology of Nicotinei. Absorption and Eliminationf. Physiological Effectsi. Health Consequencesii. Fetusiii. Risksg. Smokeless Tobaccoh. Statistics in the US and Other Nationsi. QuittingCurrent LectureTobacco was discovered by Columbus in the New World in 1492, but brought it to the Old World. Most professionals have stated that he was the first person to use and introduce tobacco, but really was first used in the New World by the Indians. Rodrigo de Jerez was the first European to be a tobacco user and quit cold turkey, but was accused of witchcrafts when he introduced it to Spain. It wasn’t until 1559, when tobacco was officially introduced in Europe at first it was a new discovery over time tobacco was seen as a fashion statement within the aristocrats, specifically in France. For the most part in Europe tobacco was seen as a dangerous substance and in some way addicting. In the early 17th century, other parts of the work aside from Europe view and denied to accept tobacco, but that changed after late 1600s. Some ways tobacco was used was chewing and snuffing. In Europe the main way to use it was pipe smoking and later snuffing tobacco because it contemplated the bad outside odors in the air. After the huge hit, England introduce this to the colony in America, but they slowly changed it from snuffing to chewing. One because it was cheaper and easierto do while during labor, but later the issue arose when people had to spit the tobacco juices causing the spread of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. So the solution was to use it by smoking, which was the These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 3303 1st EditionNative Americans prefer any way. By the time of the American Civil War there were two types of used that slowly began to take effect for the industries. One was cigars and the other was cigarettes, it may sound like it is the same because you smoke them, but they are made differently. Cigars was first used and made in the US, they were made by rolled up dried tobacco leaves. The cigars still gave a sense of chewing since the cigar was all made of tobacco leaves, it helped North Carolina make a huge profit and other tobacco producing colonies. Cigarettes were made and used in Europe, here they were rolls of shredded paper and wrapped around the by white paper. Since these two were made around the same time, huge competition to sale them, were very conflicting between America and Britain. They used all the propaganda to sell their product, but eventually changed with the faster producing machine James Bonsack used for cigarettes, making them cheaper to buy. By the 20th century, there were was an increase in woman smoking tobacco to challenge male dominance. During the 1920s the rate of cigarettes sales increased tremendously. All these success of tobacco slowly came to a consequence about the health issue that came with tobacco usage. In 1964, the first official statement by a surgeon concerning the health of a tobacco user came out, when they also saw a per capita decline. So the federal government solved this by changing the cigarettes by including a filter to reduce the amount of nicotine intake, low-tar and nicotine were put to reduce the health risks, but the smokers used more to get the same desired effects causing a greater health risk. Not only did it concern the smoker, but also non-smoker called sidestream smoke. This type of smoke was found far more dangerous because non-smoker are not used to the nicotine and tar intake like a smoker. Today in the industry world was faced challenges to increase their profits and legal issue of people suing the company for their health consequences of using their product. Two main events happened that changed the American society for tobacco use. One was the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), who announced the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The ETS was a research done to claim and assured the consequence of sidestream smoke. The second event the federal government gave and agree to support all fifty U.S. states by giving in all 246 billion dollars to compensate all the costs that they can to pay for the number of people who ended in hospital and need to be treated. In states and majority of the states did not used the money for its intended purpose such as rehab and prevention videos. All the policies made by the government was restricted the possibility for public areas to allow smoking, almost all public places don’t have smoking areas in the U.S. today. The decline of tobacco use is also caused by the federal excise tax because of inflation and they use this money to develop federal programs warning youth about tobacco use. Keep in mindthat there are other factors that have cause a decrease in the tobacco use rate. Now that we have talked about the development over time on the usage of tobacco, we need to look atthe contents of this drug. One chemical that contains is nicotine, it is the addictive component. The way it works is that nicotine stimulates the central nervous system receptors that are sensitive to acetylcholine. These kind of receptors are called nicotinic receptors, which is where the word nicotine comes from. One of the effects that causes is the release of adrenaline which increases blood pressure and heart rate. Another activity happening is the inhibition of the gastro intestinal activity causing, but for the most part users usually do it for the relaxation effects of cigarettes. The second component is tar, a sticky substance that gets trapped These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.in the esophagus that inhibits the ciliary hairs to push any trash out of the body causing respiratory problems and also allows carcinogen to get in, they are what cause cancer. The final component is carbon monoxide a toxic gas because is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and toxic. This gas