The Psychodynamic ModelMotivation for behavior seen as dimly perceived and in a state of fluxWhole class of theories, all derived originally from FreudSigmund FreudBorn: May 5, 1856Moved to Vienna at age 4Oldest of 8Closer in age to his mother than his fatherVictorian EraZeitgeist-“ spirit of the times”Austria was Catholic, last visages of the Holy Roman Empire, this is important because Freud was Jewish, and anti-Semitism was high in this timeEconomy was bad during this timeFreud’s Medical Studies, 1873-1885Wanted to be a scientistBegan medical studies at the University of ViennaNeurophysiology specialtyStudied with Ernst BruckeFreud’s mentorLeader of mechanistic school of physiologyThe idea that you could apply the principles of other rapidly developing sciences to neurophysiologyThe Principle of Conservation of EnergyThought it could be used to understand neurophysiologyContinued in Medical studies because he wouldn’t have been able to find a job because of his Jewish ancestryFocused on neurology at Vienna HospitalMeynert was his supervisor, specialized in diseases of the nervous systemFreud learns so much that he’s able to publish a book on aphasialoss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damagewhere the stroke occurs will have a different impact on what the effects will beFreud’s Ambitions, 1885-1894Published work on anesthesia, cocaineBegan doing research on anesthesiaCompound synthesized from a plant in South America…. CocaineNumbs certain areas, but also seems to energize peopleExperimented with subjects as well as himself.Wilhelm Fliess (ENT), prescribed coke to Fleece and he ended up having a psychotic breakdownFreud realized cocaine wasn’t the “Heal all” drugRecanted All papers that dealt with his research on Cocaine.1886 studied with Charcot in ParisCharcot had a revolutionary idea about a treatment for hysteria (wondering uterus/womb)Ex: glove anesthesiaNo medical explanation could be found and the symptoms didn’t follow the norms of neurology.Brought patients in with symptoms of hysteria and hypnotized them, and under hypnosis, the symptoms would disappearExplanations behind hysteria1. Women want attention2. Actual issues with the UterusCharcot thought that there was a different explanation, thought there was something in the brain causing symptoms, and hypnosis shut down that area of the brain that would be responsible for the symptoms of hysteria.Also, thought hysteria was not restricted to only women, cases demonstrate that men with symptoms of hysteria were treated in the same manner.Paper on “Male Hysteria”Returned to Austria and presented a paper on male hysteriaCriticized by former mentor, MeynertHad discussions with Josef Breuer“Anna O”, Breuer’s patient ( diagnosed with hysteria, Breuer would put Anna in hypnotic induction and noticed that when she talked about a symptom, the symptom would become active/intense at that present moment.If Anna could remember the time when the symptoms began, the symptoms would go away.Noticed that behind the emergence of the symptoms was a forgotten event that triggered symptomEx: Anna couldn’t swallowCathartic MethodThe release of pent up emotions that had been experienced intensely and previously suppressedBreuer and Freud (1895)Studies in Hysteria was publishedIdeas behind the book:Principle that memories can be traumaticMemories are Pathogenic (disease creating)Memory creates disease in the brainSome form of human experience that’s unconsciousBecause memories are traumatic they’re being suppressedRepressing MechanismPushes traumatic memories out of awarenessUnexpressed affectWhen memories are repressed the emotions are also suppressed.Emotional affect doesn’t go away with suppressed memories but it builds upConversion of affect into symptomsThe build of emotions are converted into symptoms of hysteriaRelease abreactionEmotional release tied with remembering a repressed memorySymptoms over-determinedThe symptoms are caused by conversion of emotion but there can be more than one memory tied to emotionSymptoms can be determined by many different thingsCONCLUSION: HYSTERIA IS CAUSED BY MEMORIES!Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Validitya. Faceb. Content c. Criterion-relatedi. Predictiveii. Concurrentiii. Antecedent d. Constructi. Convergent ii. Discriminant II. Assessment Strategies a. Self- reporti. Prosii. Consb. Projective Methodsi. Pros ii. Consc. Behavioral Methodsi. Prosii. Consd. Sociometric Methodsi. Prosii. Conse. Psychophysiological Methodsi. Prosii. ConsOutline of Current Lecture III. Psychodynamic Model IV. Sigmund Freuda. BackgroundV. Sigmund Freud’s Ambitions, 1885-1894VI. Breuer and Freud (1895)Current LecturePSYC 330 1st Edition The Psychodynamic Model- Motivation for behavior seen as dimly perceived and in a state of flux- Whole class of theories, all derived originally from Freud Sigmund Freud- Born: May 5, 1856o Moved to Vienna at age 4 o Oldest of 8 Closer in age to his mother than his father - Victorian Erao Zeitgeist-“ spirit of the times”- Austria was Catholic, last visages of the Holy Roman Empire, this is important because Freud was Jewish, and anti-Semitism was high in this time- Economy was bad during this time- Freud’s Medical Studies, 1873-1885o Wanted to be a scientist o Began medical studies at the University of Vienna Neurophysiology specialty  Studied with Ernst Brucke Freud’s mentor Leader of mechanistic school of physiology - The idea that you could apply the principles of other rapidly developing sciences to neurophysiology - The Principle of Conservation of Energyo Thought it could be used to understand neurophysiology  Continued in Medical studies because he wouldn’t have been able to find a job because of his Jewish ancestry Focused on neurology at Vienna Hospital  Meynert was his supervisor, specialized in diseases of the nervous system - Freud learns so much that he’s able to publish a book onaphasiao loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damageo where the stroke occurs will have a different impact on what the effects will be- Freud’s Ambitions, 1885-1894o Published work on anesthesia, cocaine Began doing research on anesthesia Compound synthesized from a plant in South America…. Cocaine Numbs certain areas, but also seems to energize peopleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the