HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE FIRST NEW DEAL 1932 Election and Interregnum The First Hundred Days Relief Recovery Reform Outline of Current Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ON WHOSE NEW DEAL Voices of Protest Huey Long Francis Townsend Father Coughlin From Recovery to Security The Second New Deal Emergency Relief Appropriation Act Works Progress Administration WPA Resettlement Administration Rural Electrification Administration Social Security Act Labor s New Deal The New Deal in Decline Court packing Plan Roosevelt Recession Current Lecture 1 Voices of Protest a Huey Long i Every Man a King ii Elected governor of LA on that slogan 1 Then elected to US senate so he left seat vacant for 2 years until he could find a suitable replacement for governor iii Complained FDR wasn t doing enough to help people in need 1 Proclaimed himself for the common man iv Blamed depression on gap between rich and poor 1 Said this was result of capitalism running amuck v Had enemies but numbers were outnumbered by fierce supporters 1 Proclaimed he was like Jesus vi Share Our Wealth Program a Slide on Elearning 2 Caps on individual wealth inheritance and income 3 Guaranteed annual income for families 2 000 4 Free college and vocational training 5 30 hour work week a 4 week vacation 6 Regulation of commodity production for price stabilizing 7 Old age pensions beginning at 60 8 Veterans benefit and healthcare vii Planed to run as 3rd party independent 1 Democrats were shocked to learn he took 3 4 million votes away from FDR viii Assasinated by political enemy in 1935 b Francis Townsend i Townsend clubs for the elderly 1 They were particularly hit by the depression a No pension plans retirement ran out no way to get money ii Townsend Plan 1 Government give every American over 65 200 a month but they had to spend it within 30 days 2 Would open more jobs for younger people a People over 65 could retire 3 Stimulate economy by putting 30 day deadline on it 4 20 billion a year 50 of national money to support 9 of population c Father Coughlin i Radio Priest ii Catholic priest from Michigan who s weekly radio programs reached nearly 1 3 of Americans iii Initially a supporter of FDR until the new deal 1 Said it was corrupted by business iv National Union for Social Justice 1 Spread populist mission and picked up old populist causes a Pushed for US to go on silver standard b Demanded nationalization of key industry c Protection of worker s rights 2 Promoted message by saying depression was caused by international Jewish conspiracy to corner the world s gold v Appealed to blue collared workers vi Wanted to challenge FDR through 3rd party in 1936 election vii Started losing support of catholic church d Union Party i William Lemke ii Supporters of Townsend Coughlin and what s left of Huey s supporters join to form 3rd party iii Only gets 1 million votes iv Altered course of new deal and influenced programs and policies that FDR adopts in 1939 2nd New Deal e FDR responds more to critics than supporters i Wanted to steal thunder of the voices of protest ii Thought this was possible by adapting their ideas iii Ignored conservatives because they weren t posing solutions while the protestors were 1 Their view was to just leave things alone 2 Also didn t have a very big following like the protestors iv FDR and big business not agreeing NRA fail 1 Leaders following codes when they wanted or when they suited them 2 NRA deemed unconstitutional 2 From recovery to security 2nd new deal a John Maynard Keynes and Keynesian Economics i Government can give consumer money consumer spends money and stimulates economy ii Every dollar spent by the government had a multiplier 1 1 dollar 2 3 in the overall GDP b FDR s Safety Net of federal benefits i Meant to lift people out of poverty and unemployment ii Make sure that poverty never got so desperate again 1 Still feared revolution 2 Said desperate people will do desperate things c Emergency Relief Appropriation act i Works Progress Administration WPA 1 Largest new agency 2 Returned millions to jobs 3 Put 8 5 million to work a 1 out of every 3 unemployed got jobs 4 Built roads parks public buildings bridges cleaned slums revived forest extended power to unreached areas 5 Emphasized arts and literature a Put artist writers and teachers back to work i Federal Music Project ii Federal Art Project 1 Work relief for 6k artist of all mediums 2 Created art work for public display iii Federal Theatre project 1 Productions for small town Americans iv Federal Writer s Project 1 Teachers historians writers poets librarians 2 Prepared guidebooks for cultural economic and regional things 3 Wrote hundreds of first hand slave narratives 6 Projects were reflection of Keynes economics ii Resettlement Administration 1 Response to share croppers tenement farmers and other poor farmers a As well as continued farm crisis happening in the mid west Dust Bowl 2 Set up about 200 planned communities 3 Became part of farm security administration a Created in 1937 to focus more broadly on farm security b Combined wide array of different programs into one i Rural rehabilitation better farm practices ii Helped families and provide loans c Recorded work that they were doing in journals and photos d Rural Electrification Administration i Grew out of TVA Tennessee valley authority ii Brought power lines out to rural areas 1 Saved farmers from having to pay to bring power lines out iii Provided loans to companies that ran lines iv Very successful 1 In 1930 only 10 of rural homes had electricity 2 1940 90 v Expanded to telephone lines e Social Security Act i August 1935 ii Grandchild of FDR secretary of labor Francis Perkins 1 First female cabinet member in US history iii Set up national system of old age pensions 1 Paid for tax on worker s pay and equal tax on employer iv Unemployment insurance compensation v Support for dependent women and children upon death of father or husband vi Government sponsored payment of disability insurance 1 For workers who had been injured on the job vii Dramatic change but evaluated as conservative 1 federal government picked up none of the expense a All expense fell on workers and employers 2 Social Security could not be seen as charity 3 Contained regressive tax a As you earned more smaller amount of wages withheld b These people were more likely to need it 4 Wouldn t begin till 1942 a No money was taken from