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TAMU HIST 106 - Whose New Deal?
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HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FORFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE FIRST NEW DEAL• 1932 Election and Interregnum• The First Hundred DaysReliefRecoveryReformOutline of Current Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ONWHOSE NEW DEAL?• Voices of ProtestHuey LongFrancis TownsendFather Coughlin• From Recovery to Security: The Second New DealEmergency Relief Appropriation ActWorks Progress Administration (WPA)Resettlement AdministrationRural Electrification AdministrationSocial Security Act• Labor’s New Deal• The New Deal in Decline“Court-packing” Plan“Roosevelt Recession”Current Lecture1) Voices of Protesta) Huey Longi) “Every Man a King”ii) Elected governor of LA on that slogan(1) Then elected to US senate so he left seat vacant for 2 years until he could find a suitable replacement for governoriii) Complained FDR wasn’t doing enough to help people in need(1) Proclaimed himself for the common maniv) Blamed depression on gap between rich and poor(1) Said this was result of capitalism running amuckv) Had enemies, but numbers were outnumbered by fierce supporters(1) Proclaimed he was like Jesusvi) Share Our Wealth Program(a) Slide on Elearning(2) Caps on individual wealth, inheritance, and income(3) Guaranteed annual income for families ($2,000)(4) Free college and vocational training(5) 30 hour work week (a) 4 week vacation(6) Regulation of commodity production for price stabilizing(7) Old age pensions beginning at 60(8) Veterans benefit and healthcarevii) Planed to run as 3rd party independent(1) Democrats were shocked to learn he took 3-4 million votes away from FDR\viii)Assasinated by political enemy in 1935b) Francis Townsendi) Townsend clubs for the elderly(1) They were particularly hit by the depression(a) No pension plans, retirement ran out, no way to get moneyii) Townsend Plan(1) Government give every American over 65 $200 a month, but they had to spend itwithin 30 days(2) Would open more jobs for younger people(a) People over 65 could retire(3) Stimulate economy by putting 30 day deadline on it(4) 20 billion a year (50% of national money to support 9% of population)c) Father Coughlini) Radio Priestii) Catholic priest from Michigan who’s weekly radio programs reached nearly 1/3 of Americansiii) Initially a supporter of FDR until the new deal(1) Said it was corrupted by businessiv) National Union for Social Justice(1) Spread populist mission and picked up old populist causes(a) Pushed for US to go on silver standard(b) Demanded nationalization of key industry(c) Protection of worker’s rights(2) Promoted message by saying depression was caused by international Jewish conspiracy to corner the world’s goldv) Appealed to blue collared workersvi) Wanted to challenge FDR through 3rd party in 1936 electionvii) Started losing support of catholic churchd) Union Partyi) William Lemkeii) Supporters of Townsend, Coughlin, and what’s left of Huey’s supporters join to form 3rd partyiii) Only gets 1 million votesiv) Altered course of new deal and influenced programs and policies that FDR adopts in 1939 (2nd New Deal)e) FDR responds more to critics than supportersi) Wanted to steal thunder of the voices of protestii) Thought this was possible by adapting their ideasiii) Ignored conservatives because they weren’t posing solutions, while the protestors were(1) Their view was to just leave things alone(2) Also didn’t have a very big following like the protestorsiv) FDR and big business not agreeing (NRA fail)(1) Leaders following codes when they wanted or when they suited them(2) NRA deemed unconstitutional2) From recovery to security: 2nd new deala) John Maynard Keynes and Keynesian Economicsi) Government can give consumer money, consumer spends money and stimulates economyii) Every dollar spent by the government had a multiplier(1) 1 dollar=$2-3 in the overall GDPb) FDR’s Safety Net of federal benefitsi) Meant to lift people out of poverty and unemploymentii) Make sure that poverty never got so desperate again(1) Still feared revolution(2) Said desperate people will do desperate thingsc) Emergency Relief Appropriation acti) Works Progress Administration (WPA)(1) Largest new agency(2) Returned millions to jobs(3) Put 8.5 million to work (a) 1 out of every 3 unemployed got jobs(4) Built roads, parks, public buildings, bridges, cleaned slums, revived forest, extended power to unreached areas(5) Emphasized arts and literature(a) Put artist, writers, and teachers back to work(i) Federal Music Project(ii) Federal Art Project1. Work relief for 6k artist of all mediums2. Created art work for public display(iii) Federal Theatre project1. Productions for small town Americans(iv) Federal Writer’s Project1. Teachers, historians, writers, poets, librarians2. Prepared guidebooks for cultural, economic, and regional things3. Wrote hundreds of first hand slave narratives(6) Projects were reflection of Keynes economicsii) Resettlement Administration(1) Response to share croppers, tenement farmers, and other poor farmers(a) As well as continued farm crisis happening in the mid west (Dust Bowl)(2) Set up about 200 planned communities(3) Became part of farm security administration(a) Created in 1937 to focus more broadly on farm security(b) Combined wide array of different programs into one(i) Rural rehabilitation (better farm practices)(ii) Helped families and provide loans(c) Recorded work that they were doing in journals and photosd) Rural Electrification Administrationi) Grew out of TVA (Tennessee valley authority)ii) Brought power lines out to rural areas(1) Saved farmers from having to pay to bring power lines outiii) Provided loans to companies that ran linesiv) Very successful(1) In 1930, only 10% of rural homes had electricity(2) 1940- 90%v) Expanded to telephone linese) Social Security Acti) August 1935ii) Grandchild of FDR secretary of labor- Francis Perkins(1) First female cabinet member in US historyiii) Set up national system of old age pensions (1) Paid for tax on worker’s pay and equal tax on employeriv) Unemployment insurance/compensationv) Support for dependent women and children upon death of father or husbandvi) Government sponsored payment of disability insurance(1) For workers who had been injured on the jobvii) Dramatic change, but evaluated as conservative(1) federal government picked up none of the expense(a) All expense fell on workers and employers(2) Social Security could not be seen as charity(3) Contained


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TAMU HIST 106 - Whose New Deal?

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