GEOG 102 1nd Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Review for Exam 1A. Question and Answer sessionOutline of Current Lecture II. EuropeB. Physical Pattern1. Landforms2. RiversC. ClimateD. Environmental issues1. Pollution 2. Water ConsumptionCurrent Lecture Physical Pattern- Europe is a region of peninsulas upon peninsulas- One peninsula extending off of the Eurasian continent- Large bodies of water= moderate climate- Landforms- The basic pattern:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Mountainso Uplandso Lowlandso From west to east in wide bands- Largest mountain chainso West ~ east/middle of middle of continento The Alps: highest and most central part of this formation- Lowlands of Northern European Plaino Most extensive landforms in Europeo Coastal zones: densely populated- Rivers o Rivers link interior to seas The Rhine  The Danube: has the most traffic because it is a rail and motor route Longer and larger than the Rhine Flows southeast from Germany to the Black Sea Rotter dam @ North Sea is Europe’s largest port and the economic core of Europe.- Vegetationo Original forest replaced with farmlands, pastures, towns, and citieso The dominant vegetation is crops and pasture grassClimate- Main Climate types:- Temperate mid-latitude:o Found in northwest Europeo North Atlantic Drift: A broad warm water ocean brings large amounts of warm water to the coast of Europe- Mediterraneano Found in Southern Europe- Humid continentalo Found in eastern EuropeEnvironmental Issues- Europe’s air, seas, and rivers are some of the most polluted in the world- European Union set environmental goals- Energy Resources- Main energy sourceso Coalo Petroleumo Natural gas (nuclear power)- 27 members of the European Union (EU27)o Russia supplies fuelo 30% nuclear powero Goal: increase renewable energy- Air Pollution: North European Plain- Heavy industry, dense transportation rates and larger populations- Highest levels of pollution found in former communist states of Central and North Europe- Freshwater and Sea water Pollution- Sources of water pollution:o Sewageo Chemicals and silto Littero Petroleum residueso Industrial effluent - The Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black Seao Nearly landlocked bodies of watero Prone to accumulating pollution (ex: water exits the Mediterranean after 80 yrs)- Environmental Impact- ¼ of the world’s greenhouse gas emission at half the energy consumption of North America.- 1/5 of the world’s imports- High virtual water component - EU countries import more virtual water than they export- Water Consumption- Virtual water: The volume of water used to produce all that a person consumes in a year.- Water footprint: The water used to meet 1) a person’s annual basic needs 2) person’s annual virtual water.- Europe’s Leadership in Response to Global Climate Change- Leaders in responding to climate change- Economically imperative because 20% of EU’s GPD depends on climate - Recent abnormal weathero Record breaking temperatures, rain and snowfall, and