Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Succession to the Governor’s Office if Vacant II. Removal from Office >> Impeachment and Recall III. Roles of the Governor IV. Powers of the Governor a. Formal: Tenure of Office, Appointment Power, Vetoes , Budget Power, Reorganization Powersb. Informal: Popularity, Access to Media, Leadership Qualities V. Governor of Texas = A Weak Governor VI. Other Executive and Branch Officials Outline of Current Lecture: VII. Government and the BureaucracyVIII. Characteristics of a Bureaucracy IX. Sources of Bureaucratic Powera. Implementation, Regulation, Adjudication, Discretion, Bureaucratic Goals X. Variations in Bureaucracy Among StatesXI. Bureaucracy, Democracy, and Responsiveness (Patronage versus the Merit System)XII. Role of the Centralized Personnel ManagementXIII. The Issue of Representativeness in Bureaucracy XIV. Reading Homework NotesCurrent LectureGOVERNMENT AND THE BUREAUCRACYReading Governor/State Politics Chapter - - Up Close Section: 3 Scandal Ridden Governors Embarrass Their State in (page 266 – 269)Bureaucratic Chapter – - Up Close: How to Win at the Budget Game (page 303)- Politics of Budgeting (page 303-306) Government and the Bureaucracy - Bureaucracy = state agencies, departments, commissions that are implementing government policyo the people the implement policy o legislature passes law, allocates budget, but then assigns implementation to the bureaucracy-Characteristics of a bureaucracy:o chain of command in which authority flows downward who reports to who, authority delegates a responsibility down to next level, managers innext labor further delegate out responsibility, etc. o division of labor in which workers specialize in their tasks 1) Specialization in individual tasks (Human Resources, Budgeting, Education, etc.) 2) Specialization in certain policy areas (Agriculture Policy, etc.) POLS 207 2nd Editiono clear lines of responsibility who do I answer to? o Specific organizational goals Agriculture – to regulate agriculture, to keep products and workers safe, to promote agriculture business, etc. o Impersonal treatment of all persons equally and according to rules to get driver’s license, need certain forms, everyone has to have these same forms 2 benefits: - more efficient (example – where to cut off grades, 89.5 is an A, then apply to everyone, too difficult to change grade cut offs for everyone)- equality – everybody treated the same Sources of Bureaucratic Power- Implementation o Bureaucracy puts policy into action o exercise power in how the policy is implementedo choices in how to implement - Regulationo regulation = the formal rules for implementing legislationo bureaucracy is given legislation and budgeto example: bureaucracy told by the legislature to limit emissions from factories how are they going to limit, what is the safe level, what happens if a factory violates once, twice, what forms are required, what are the cut offs o when a bureaucracy writes regulation, it has to be publish before can implement it, in order to give affected parties a chance to comply and a chance to respond with their opinion, allows affected parties to try to change the regulation - Adjudicationo adjudication = decision making about individual cases o Bureaucratic official goes to inspect a factory, how does the individual factory comply? o official can be lenient or strict with regulation and when inspecting - Discretiono discretion = choice o overarching source of bureaucratic power!o goes back to when the law was passed by the legislature, if the legislature writes a really detailed bill, if covers all possible cases, they leave very LITTLE discretion for the bureaucracy, bureaucracy does not have much choice to be lenient/strict, just implement the billo in laws that are very general (protect worker safety), then bureaucracy has a LOT of discretion inhow to implement the law, the more vague the legislation, the GREATER the discretion - Bureaucratic goals o 2 TYPES (both push for a BIGGER bureaucracy, more resources, more responsibility, etc.) personal/professional bureaucratic goal = no matter who you work for, most people want to earn more money, to get promoted, so push to get more responsibility and more resources agency goal = after working for a specific industry for a while, hopefully the officials actually do care, so push for new responsibilities because care about the industry they are regulating, pushes for more resources & responsibilities for agriculture, etc. Variations in Bureaucracy among the States- some are larger than others - Texas has a larger bureaucracy than some other states o larger state, more people, etc. Bureaucracy, Democracy, and Responsiveness - how responsive are state governments to the public- bureaucrats are not elected, yet they have a lot of power, they are writing regulations, which feel like laws to the public, control in a large way how the government affects the public- How are they hired? >> Bureaucratic Personnel Systems:o Patronage System be a supporter of the winning candidate, then candidate might give you a job rewarding supporters with a job strengthens political parties also sounds a little corrupt – do we end up with the most competent person, NO, just the person who supported the winner patronage still used today some – president picks cabinet members why? allows president/governor to get his agenda done, otherwise competent members that have been there 20 or so years might not like his agenda, but obviously that leader was elected for what he stood for, so wants go get some of it doneo Merit System US moved to a merit system in the late 1800s >> federal gov. was the 1st to moved! - Pendleton Act of 1883 states slower to act >> role of federal gov. in moving states toward merit systems of hiring, pressure from federal gov. to hire with the merit system, a lot of money states have comes from the federal gov. so federal gov. started saying we will only give you money for this policy if you hire the workers with a merit system! New York was the 1st state to move to a merit system of hiring merit system = skills, qualification, competence Other reasons for the move…- what if have to fill tons of positions, it becomes a pain - can’t reward all supporters, some supporters get angry when not rewarded - will be judged as mayor by how well government
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