DRAFT 3 Oct 01 This is a table to try filling in A few lines are done as an example. Invent your own symbols if you like. Table 1.5 Possible ecological and genetic effects of selected threats to wild populations, and methods that may be used to monitor the effects of these threats or their management.Note that the result of a threat is usually to alter the equilibrium state towards which the system is heading, but that this state will only rarely be achieved. Also note the many overlaps or interactions between elements of the table, and the likelihood that many additional elements need to be added. Key for effects: - increase - decreaseWhere different aspects of fitness are likely to be affected in opposite directions, they are coded as L (survival) and M (reproduction).Keys for monitoring options: S - number of subspecies (Chapter 7,8,11).P - number of populations (Chapter 7,8,11).A - number of different environments in which the species is found, or “environmental amplitude” (Chapter 11).E – status of apparent major landscape elements (eg, major breaks such as cleared lowlands between large mountain ranges, Chapters 6, 8, 11).I - apparent isolation of populations on a smaller scale (see chapter 6,11).N - number of individuals per population (or replaced by Ne, see chapter 5, 9).X - mating patterns (see chapter 4, 10).Z – variation within individuals such as heterozygosity versus homozygosity, or asymmetry of morphology (see chapter 4, 10). Where relevant, Zn is molecular variation that does not affect fitness (Chapter 2) Zs is molecular variation that affects fitness, and, Zq is quantitative variation, analysed either as phenotypic variation, or preferably as its genetic and environmental components separately (Chapter 3).W- variation between individuals within populations (coded Wn Ws Wq). Two aspects ofquantitative variation are coded separately: WL or WM are variation in survival and reproduction respectively (again, it would be useful to partition genetic and environmental components) (Chapters 2,3, 9).B – variation between sub-populations (coded Sn Ss Sq SL SM as above) (Chapters 6, 11)H – variation between higher level taxa (subspecies, species, etc) (coded Hg or Hq as above) (Chapters 6,7,8,11).Threat (Example) Changed processPossible effects MonitoringGenetic (G) or ecological (E) aspectsFitness Short-termFitness Long-termIntroduction of genetically similarspeciesExtralimital dispersalG Hybridisation  v  v S, W, B, H, WL, WME Altered biotic interaction with 3rd, 4th … species ?? ? WL, WM , Biotic interactionsIntroduction of ecologically similar speciesCompetition G Selection regime changesRecover?A, P, Ne, WL, WME Resource availability changes A, P, N, WL,