PSYC 1000 Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. TheoriesII. Developing PersonalityIII. Freud’s TheoryOutline of Current Lecture I. Trait Theories, Social-Cognitive Theories, and SelfII.Current LectureClassic Perspectives on PersonalityPersonality: a person’s characteristic pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviorsI. Trait Theories, social-cognitive theories, and selfa. Traits: an enduring quality that makes a person tend to act a certain way. Stable components of personalityi. Personality is consistent over time some part do changeii. Assessing MMPIiii. 5 “CANOE” factorsiv. oppositesb. Social cognitive influences on personalityi. Reciprocal Determinism among thoughts, social situation, behaviorii. Internal vs. external locus of controliii. Optimism and positive psychologyiv. Albert Bandura believes that personality is the result of an interaction that takes place between a person and their social context, involving how we think about ourselves and our situations.v. Focus on interaction of behaviors, thoughts and social attitudesc. The SelfII. Trait Theory of Personality (Introvert vs. Extrovert)a. Gordon Allport decided that Freud overvalued unconscious motives and undervalued our real, observable personality styles/traits.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Myers and Briggs wanted to study individual behaviors and statements to find how people differed in personality having different traits.c. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a questionnaire categorizing people by traitsd. Tait theory of personality:e. Biology traitsi. Brain: Extraverts tend to have low level of brain activity, making it hard to suppress impulses, and leading them to seek stimulation.ii. Body: The trait of shyness appears to be related to high autonomic systemreactivity, an easily triggered alarm systemIII. Assessing Traits:a. Personality Inventoryb. Empirically derived test:c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory:IV. The “Big Five”a. CANOEi. Conscientiousness: Self- discipline, careful pursuit of delayed goals (growsas you get older)ii. Agreeableness: helpful, trusting, friendlinessiii. Neuroticism: anxiety insecurity, emotional, instabilityiv. Openness: flexibility, nonconformity, varietyv. Extraversion: Drawing energy from others, sociabilityV. Stability: one’s distinctive mix of traits doesn’t change much over the lifespana. Predictive value: levels of success in work and relationships relates to traits such as openness and conscientiousnessb. Heritability: for most straits, genes account for 50% of the variation among individualsVI. Reciprocal Influences in Becominga. Reciprocal: a back and forth influence with no causeb. Reciprocal Determinism: how personality, thoughts, social environment all reinforce/cause each otheri. Why are they happyii. People are more likely to smile when around himiii.